著者

浅井 暢子 唐沢 穣

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.137-146, 2013

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The present study investigated the impact of the narrative representation of trial information on judicial decisions and judgments about the victim among Japanese lay people. In an experiment, participants read 20 testimonies of a stabbing case. The implications of the testimonies leaned either toward a murder or toward a self-defense case. To manipulate the difficulty of story construction, we presented the testimonies either in a temporal or in a mixed order. The results showed that more extreme sentence decisions were made (i.e., longer imprisonment for the murder case and shorter for the self-defense case) when the testimonies were presented in an organized order. Consistent with this, estimations about the victim's likelihood of avoiding such incidents were polarized in the organized-order condition. Although the presentation order did not clearly affect some judgments, the results of our study strongly suggest that the story construction process has a substantial impact on judicial judgments. Cognitive processes underlying judicial judgments were discussed.

著者

日髙 聡太 川越 敏和 浅井 暢子 寺本 渉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.95.22051, (Released:2023-12-25)

参考文献数

33

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Our sensory functions decline with age. Older people have been reported to compensate for sensory deficits by using auxiliary equipment, medical treatments, and sensory mechanisms such as multimodal integrations. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no systematic surveys research for sensory problems of older people in daily life. Through an online survey, we investigated what kind of sensory problems exist and how these problems were coped with by older people (60─70 years old), with middle-aged people (40─50 years old) data. Frequency and text-mining analyses found that problems of hearing and body movements were reported more frequently for older people due to aging. Visual problems were reported by all age groups and were attributed to aging, but coped with by using auxiliary equipment and medical surgeries in older people. The 50’s age group reported visual problems most frequently. Our findings suggest that sensory problems subjectively felt in daily life are attributed to aging but are not necessarily remarkable in older people.

著者

寺本 渉 松浦 雄斗 浅井 暢子

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. HIP, ヒューマン情報処理 (ISSN:09135685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.112, pp.1-5, 2012-06-23

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本研究では,社会的サイモン効果を指標として,バーチャル・リアリティ(VR)空間に提示される他者を身近に感じる程度を計測した。被験者は,別室にいる実験協力者とともに,ヘッドマウントディスプレイを通じて共通のVR空間を観察した。被験者の課題は,決められた色の球が画面の左手前または右奥に呈示された瞬間にできるだけ速く,反応キーを押すことであった。この課題中には画面右奥に他者(実験協力者)の頭部位置が反映されたアバターを表示した。実験では課題前にVR空間内で他者とコミュニケーションを取らせる条件と,コミュニケーションをさせない条件を設けた。その結果,他者の存在が十分に認識できたと考えられる,前者の条件でのみ,社会的サイモン効果が生じた。これは,VR空間内においてコミュニケーションを行うことを通じて,他者があたかも隣にいるように感じられていたことを示す。

著者

川嶋 伸佳 大渕 憲一 熊谷 智博 浅井 暢子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.63-74, 2012

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Although public concern about social inequality has increased, Japanese people generally do not appear to be actively engaged in activities for social reform. We hypothesized multiple levels in the perception of unfairness-micro-unfairness based on personal experiences and macro-unfairness based on evaluation toward the whole of society-and predicted that micro-unfairness would lead to more protests compared to macrounfairness (H1). We also hypothesized that three psychological variables-immutability belief, low social efficacy, and estimated costs of social changes-would regulate the positive relationship between multiple levels of perceptions of unfairness and protests (H2). The results of the social survey held in Japan in 2009 (n = 1398) not only supported H1 but found that the effects of micro-unfairness on protests varied depending on the strength of macro-unfairness. In addition, the results of immutability belief and the estimated costs of social changes basically supported H2, but the results of low social efficacy did not.

著者

寺本 渉 松浦 雄斗 浅井 暢子

出版者

日本認知心理学会

雑誌

日本認知心理学会発表論文集 日本認知心理学会第10回大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.7, 2012 (Released:2012-07-20)

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本研究では,社会的サイモン効果を指標として,バーチャル・リアリティ(VR)空間に提示される他者を身近に感じる程度,すなわち,臨(隣)人感を計測した。被験者は,別室にいる実験協力者とともに,ヘッドマウントディスプレイを通じて共通のVR空間を観察した。被験者の課題は,決められた色の球が画面の左手前または右奥に呈示された瞬間にできるだけ速く,反応キーを押すことであった。この課題中には画面右奥に他者(実験協力者)のアバターを表示した。実験では課題前にVR空間内で他者とコミュニケーションを取らせるとともに,他者の実際の頭部位置をアバターに反映させる条件と,コミュニケーションをせず,静止アバターを呈示する条件を設けた。その結果,他者の存在が十分に認識できたと考えられる,前者の条件でのみ,社会的サイモン効果が生じた。これは,VR空間内において,他者があたかも隣にいるように感じられていたことを示す。

著者

鈴本 直弥 浅井 暢子 寺本 渉

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会

雑誌

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.53-62, 2016

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For users in a shared virtual environment (VE), a sense of being there together (copresence) is a key to behave as if they are in an actual environment. The present study investigated whether copresence can be measured using the social Simon effect (SSE) and event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with this effect. In the standard Simon effect, single participants press a left or right key in response to target color, while the target appeared on the left or right side of a monitor. Responses are generally faster when the target and key are located on the spatially-congruent side than on the incongruent side. This less happens when participants responds only to either color with either key. However, this effect reemerges when a participant responds to either color with either key, and their partner sat side by side responds to the other color with the other key. This is called SSE. We hypothesized that the SSE should occur if users experience copresence in the VE. Experiment 1 replicated the SSE in the actual environment. In Experiments 2 and 3, two participants in different rooms observed the same virtual environment with their partners' avatar through head-mounted displays, and performed the task. We compared between a group in which the participants interacted with their partner beforehand in the VE (high copresence group) and that in which they did not (low copresence group). The results showed that the stronger SSE occurred for the former group, suggesting that the SSE can be a measure for copresence in the VE.

著者

浅井 暢子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.4, pp.317-324, 2006-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 1

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Two experiments investigated the hypothesis that the need to protect positive self-regards mediates the causal attribution of one's failure to discrimination. Female undergraduates read a scenario in which either the participant herself or another woman (in-group member) took a job interview. The outcome was depicted either as failing (Studies 1 and 2) or passing the interview (Study 2). Participants attributed the failure to gender discrimination only when the interviewers were unanimously sexists. The attribution to discrimination was negatively correlated with the state self-esteem in the social domain. When the protagonist was an in-group member, a moderate level of discrimination was sufficient to elicit the participant's discrimination attribution. For the positive outcome scenario, the participants were more likely to acknowledge the influence of favoritism on their own success than on other's success. These results suggest that the unwillingness for attributing a failure to discrimination functions for the protection of the self-esteem among the members of a disadvantaged group. Implications for the study of coping strategies used by victims of discrimination are discussed.

著者

川嶋 伸佳 大渕 憲一 熊谷 智博 浅井 暢子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.63-74, 2012-01-31 (Released:2017-02-22)

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Although public concern about social inequality has increased, Japanese people generally do not appear to be actively engaged in activities for social reform. We hypothesized multiple levels in the perception of unfairness-micro-unfairness based on personal experiences and macro-unfairness based on evaluation toward the whole of society-and predicted that micro-unfairness would lead to more protests compared to macrounfairness (H1). We also hypothesized that three psychological variables-immutability belief, low social efficacy, and estimated costs of social changes-would regulate the positive relationship between multiple levels of perceptions of unfairness and protests (H2). The results of the social survey held in Japan in 2009 (n = 1398) not only supported H1 but found that the effects of micro-unfairness on protests varied depending on the strength of macro-unfairness. In addition, the results of immutability belief and the estimated costs of social changes basically supported H2, but the results of low social efficacy did not.

著者

寺本 渉 吉田 和博 日高 聡太 浅井 暢子 行場 次朗 坂本 修一 岩谷 幸雄 鈴木 陽一

出版者

日本認知心理学会

雑誌

日本認知心理学会発表論文集 日本認知心理学会第8回大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.37, 2010 (Released:2010-09-01)

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背景的・空間的な「場」の本物らしさに関係する臨場感はよく取り上げられるが、場面の印象にとって重要な前景的要素(対象や事象など)の本物らしさを表す感性については検討されていない。本研究では,この前景的要素の本物らしさに対応する感性を「迫真性」と定義し,臨場感との比較を通じて,その時空間特性を検討した。まず,「鹿威し」がある庭園風景を素材とし、その提示視野角と背景音の音圧レベルを操作した。その結果、臨場感は視野角も音圧も大きいほど高まるが,迫真性は視野角が中程度,背景音が実物と同じ場合に最も高くなることがわかった。次に,鹿威しの打叩映像と打叩音の時間ずれを操作した結果,臨場感は音が映像に先行しても高く維持されるのに対し,迫真性は音が映像に対して遅れても維持された。以上の結果は,臨場感と迫真性は異なる時空間情報によって創出される独立した感性であることを示唆する。

著者

寺本 渉 吉田 和博 浅井 暢子 日高 聡太 行場 次朗 坂本 修一 岩谷 幸雄 鈴木 陽一

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会技術報告 (ISSN:13426893)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.37-44, 2012

参考文献数

22

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情報通信技術の発展に伴い,より自然でリアルなコミュニケーションシステムへの期待が高まっている。それを実現するためには,情報の受け手である人を意識し,臨場感や迫真性など高度感性情報の創出・評価技術を確立していく必要がある。本稿では,まず,バーチャル・リアリティ(VR)や立体映像・立体音響分野で,従来用いられてきた感性情報である臨場感を取り上げ,質問紙調査から得られたデータに基づき,臨場感とは何かについて議論を行う。次に,背景的な「場」の本物らしさに関係すると考えられる臨場感に対して,前景情報を中心とした本物らしさに関連すると考えられる感性印象「迫真性」を取り上げ,両者の相違について実験データを示す。最後に,VRを通じたコミュニケーション場面で問題となる他者の存在感(臨(隣)人感)について,最近行った評価の試みを紹介する。

著者

寺本 渉 吉田 和博 日高 聡太 浅井 暢子 行場 次朗 坂本 修一 岩谷 幸雄 鈴木 陽一

出版者

日本認知心理学会

雑誌

日本認知心理学会発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, pp.37, 2010

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背景的・空間的な「場」の本物らしさに関係する臨場感はよく取り上げられるが、場面の印象にとって重要な前景的要素(対象や事象など)の本物らしさを表す感性については検討されていない。本研究では,この前景的要素の本物らしさに対応する感性を「迫真性」と定義し,臨場感との比較を通じて,その時空間特性を検討した。まず,「鹿威し」がある庭園風景を素材とし、その提示視野角と背景音の音圧レベルを操作した。その結果、臨場感は視野角も音圧も大きいほど高まるが,迫真性は視野角が中程度,背景音が実物と同じ場合に最も高くなることがわかった。次に,鹿威しの打叩映像と打叩音の時間ずれを操作した結果,臨場感は音が映像に先行しても高く維持されるのに対し,迫真性は音が映像に対して遅れても維持された。以上の結果は,臨場感と迫真性は異なる時空間情報によって創出される独立した感性であることを示唆する。

著者

寺本 渉 吉田 和博 浅井 暢子 日高 聡太 行場 次朗 鈴木 陽一

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会

雑誌

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.7-16, 2010-03-31 (Released:2017-02-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2

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We used a questionnaire to investigate how non-researchers conceptualize sense of presence. Respondents were 108 students with no professional education related to engineering or virtual reality. More than 90% of the respondents knew of the term, but they tended to use sense of presence not only to refer to a subjective experience of being there in a mediated environment, but also to refer to an experience that makes them feel excited or as having an extraordinary experience in an actual environment. Factor analysis revealed four sense of presence components: evaluation, impact, activity, and mechanicalness. Events with high presence were likely to be evaluated as preferred, impressive, and dynamic. Furthermore, the participants estimated that distal and proprioceptive sensors such as vision, audition, equilibrium, and kinesthesis were closely related to a sense of presence. These results suggest that sense of presence is not a single and simple concept for non-researchers, but is instead an ambiguous and the multidimensional construct with modality-selectivity. These aspects of sense of presence must be considered in specifying physical factors for high presence and establishing objective measures of sense of presence.

著者

寺本 渉 清水 乃輔 浅井 暢子

出版者

日本認知心理学会

雑誌

日本認知心理学会発表論文集 日本認知心理学会第11回大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.133, 2013 (Released:2013-11-05)

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本研究ではバーチャル・リアリティ(VR)空間に提示される他者を身近に感じる程度,すなわち,臨(隣)人感を社会的サイモン課題遂行時の事象関連電位を計測した。被験者は,別室にいる実験協力者とともに,ヘッドマウントディスプレイを通じて共通のVR空間を観察した。被験者の課題は,決められた色の球が画面の左手前または右奥に呈示された瞬間にできるだけ速く,反応キーを押すことであった。この課題中には画面左奥に他者(実験協力者)のアバターを表示した。実験では課題前にVR空間内で他者とコミュニケーションを取らせるとともに,他者の実際の頭部位置をアバターに反映させる条件と,コミュニケーションをせず,静止アバターを呈示する条件を設けた。その結果,他者の存在が十分に認識できたと考えられる,前者の条件でのみ,社会的サイモン効果とそれに伴う特徴的な事象関連電位が現れることが示された。

著者

本多 明生 神田 敬幸 柴田 寛 浅井 暢子 寺本 渉 坂本 修一 岩谷 幸雄 行場 次朗 鈴木 陽一

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会

雑誌

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.93-101, 2013

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Senses of presence and verisimilitude are affected differently by temporal asynchrony between audio-visual components of audio-visual content. To investigate whether this result is valid more generally, we conducted an experiment using a clip of western orchestral music. Results revealed that the sense of verisimilitude is more sensitive to audiovisual synchronicity than to the display size, whereas the sense of presence is more sensitive to the spatial size than the temporal property. These findings corresponded well with those of the previous study, which indicated that the sense of verisimilitude is distinguishable from the sense of presence. Furthermore, we discussed important considerations related to measurement for Kansei information such as the sense of presence and verisimilitude.

著者

寺本 渉 吉田 和博 浅井 暢子 日高 聡太 行場 次朗 鈴木 陽一

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会

雑誌

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.7-16, 2010

被引用文献数

11

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We used a questionnaire to investigate how non-researchers conceptualize sense of presence. Respondents were 108 students with no professional education related to engineering or virtual reality. More than 90% of the respondents knew of the term, but they tended to use sense of presence not only to refer to a subjective experience of being there in a mediated environment, but also to refer to an experience that makes them feel excited or as having an extraordinary experience in an actual environment. Factor analysis revealed four sense of presence components: evaluation, impact, activity, and mechanicalness. Events with high presence were likely to be evaluated as preferred, impressive, and dynamic. Furthermore, the participants estimated that distal and proprioceptive sensors such as vision, audition, equilibrium, and kinesthesis were closely related to a sense of presence. These results suggest that sense of presence is not a single and simple concept for non-researchers, but is instead an ambiguous and the multidimensional construct with modality-selectivity. These aspects of sense of presence must be considered in specifying physical factors for high presence and establishing objective measures of sense of presence.

著者

寺本 渉 吉田 和博 日高 聡太 浅井 暢子 行場 次朗 坂本 修一 岩谷 幸雄 鈴木 陽一

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会

雑誌

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.483-486, 2010

被引用文献数

8

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For virtual reality systems, the enhancement of a sense of presence (a subjective experience of being in one place even when one is physically situated in another) has been the most important issue. Both theoretically and empirically, the sense of presence has been found to relate dominantly to background components contained in a scene. In contrast, the reality or virtuality which can be assumed to link essentially to foreground components in a scene has not been investigated in detail. The present study defined the latter type of sense as vraisemblance (verisimilitude), and made an exploratory investigation into spatio-temporal characteristics responsible for the higher vraisemblance by using a scene containing Shishi-odoshi (a traditional Japanese fountain made of bamboos) in a Japanese garden as audio-visual stimuli. In Experiment 1, the effects of the field size of view and the sound pressure level of the background were investigated. Higher vraisemblance was observed with the middle field size of view with the original sound pressure level of the background, whereas higher sense of presence was observed with the larger field size of view with the larger background sound. In Experiment 2, the effect of temporal asynchrony between the foreground audio-visual stimuli produced by Shishi-odoshi was investigated. The results show that the range of temporal-window for the audio-visual stimuli necessary for high vraisemblance was different from those for high presence. These findings suggest that the sense of vraisemblance can be distinguishable from the sense of presence, and deeply involved to the foreground-based aesthetic impression in a scene.