著者

今瀧 夢 相田 直樹 村本 由紀子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.115-125, 2018-03-25 (Released:2018-03-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

---

The present study examined how leaders’ evaluation and judgment of members are influenced by their “implicit theories” (e.g., Dweck, 1999). Participants were asked to play the role of team leader and then observed a team member performing poorly. They were asked to decide how much reward they should distribute to the failed member and to allocate the remaining time between him/her and a new member who had not yet worked on the task. As a result, participants who believe in malleable abilities (incremental theorists) increased the evaluation of the failed member when that member claimed that he/she made an effort, whereas participants who believe in fixed abilities (entity theorists) evaluated that member based only on outcome. Furthermore, entity theorists expected a new member to achieve an average level of performance and allotted more time to him/her, whereas incremental theorists expected a new member’s performance to be below average. There was no difference between their expectations of the failed member’s next performance. Results suggest that entity theorists may be better than incremental theorists at placing the right people in the right place.

著者

相田 直樹

出版者

容装心理学研究編集委員会

雑誌

容装心理学研究 (ISSN:24363367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.63-66, 2022 (Released:2022-05-02)

---

本研究では,学級内で生まれた着装規範を遵守する誘因について検討した。私服が許可されている高校の生徒116名に対して,着装規範に関する質問紙調査を実施した。重回帰分析を行った結果,自身におしゃれのセンスがあると認識していたり,自らが所属する学級のことが好きであったりするほど,同じ学級の生徒と服装を合わせていたことが示された。興味深いことに,自身の学級におしゃれのセンスがないと認識しているほど,規範に沿った服装を着用していることが示された。

著者

今瀧 夢 相田 直樹 村本 由紀子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1708, (Released:2018-01-31)

参考文献数

27

---

The present study examined how leaders’ evaluation and judgment of members are influenced by their “implicit theories” (e.g., Dweck, 1999). Participants were asked to play the role of team leader and then observed a team member performing poorly. They were asked to decide how much reward they should distribute to the failed member and to allocate the remaining time between him/her and a new member who had not yet worked on the task. As a result, participants who believe in malleable abilities (incremental theorists) increased the evaluation of the failed member when that member claimed that he/she made an effort, whereas participants who believe in fixed abilities (entity theorists) evaluated that member based only on outcome. Furthermore, entity theorists expected a new member to achieve an average level of performance and allotted more time to him/her, whereas incremental theorists expected a new member’s performance to be below average. There was no difference between their expectations of the failed member’s next performance. Results suggest that entity theorists may be better than incremental theorists at placing the right people in the right place.

著者

相田 直樹 印南 一路

出版者

一般社団法人 レギュラトリーサイエンス学会

雑誌

レギュラトリーサイエンス学会誌 (ISSN:21857113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.193-210, 2023 (Released:2023-09-30)

参考文献数

11

---

わが国の薬剤費の推計は,国民医療費と社会医療診療行為別調査に依拠しており,その手法上の限界が指摘されてきた.本研究は,IQVIAソリューションズジャパン社の2012年度より2021年度までの全医療用医薬品のデータと,株式会社医薬情報研究所のデータをYJコードで結合して分析する手法を用い,わが国の薬剤費の推移を種別ごとに把握し,医薬品に関連する政策目標が達成されているか否かを定量的に評価した.第一に,先発品,長期収載品,後発医薬品ごとの市場規模の推移を記述した結果,昨今わが国が目指してきた長期収載品依存の体質からの脱却,後発医薬品の使用促進といった政策目標はおおむね達成されていた.第二に,抗ウイルス剤,抗PD-1抗体薬の再算定による適正化効果,各種再算定の適正化効果,通常薬価改定の適正化効果,新薬創出加算対象品の市場規模の推移,安定確保医薬品の市場規模の推移,通常薬価改定および各種再算定がなかった場合のシミュレーション分析などの分析の結果,全体として,薬価改定や各種再算定は薬剤費のコントロールに寄与していることが示された.これは2016年の「薬価制度の抜本改革に向けた基本方針」に沿っている.

著者

今瀧 夢 相田 直樹 村本 由紀子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

---

<p>The present study examined how leaders' evaluation and judgment of members are influenced by their "implicit theories" (<i>e.g.</i>, Dweck, 1999). Participants were asked to play the role of team leader and then observed a team member performing poorly. They were asked to decide how much reward they should distribute to the failed member and to allocate the remaining time between him/her and a new member who had not yet worked on the task. As a result, participants who believe in malleable abilities (incremental theorists) increased the evaluation of the failed member when that member claimed that he/she made an effort, whereas participants who believe in fixed abilities (entity theorists) evaluated that member based only on outcome. Furthermore, entity theorists expected a new member to achieve an average level of performance and allotted more time to him/her, whereas incremental theorists expected a new member's performance to be below average. There was no difference between their expectations of the failed member's next performance. Results suggest that entity theorists may be better than incremental theorists at placing the right people in the right place.</p>

著者

相田 直樹 礒部 智加衣 アイダ ナオキ イソベ チカエ Aida Naoki Isobe Chikae

出版者

大阪大学大学院人間科学研究科対人社会心理学研究室

雑誌

対人社会心理学研究 = Japanese journal of interpersonal and social psychology (ISSN:13462857)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.39-44, 2015-03

---

人は、所属欲求のため、拒絶された後に笑顔へ注意が向くことが示されている(DeWall et al.,2009)。また、拒絶感受性が高い人は平時において拒絶顔から注意をそらす傾向があることが知られている(Berenson et al.,2009)。拒絶感受性とは、不安をもって拒絶を予測し、素早く知覚し、過敏に反応する特性である。曖昧な拒絶後に、拒絶感受が高い人は笑顔に注意を向けることができるだろうか。本研究ではドットプロープ課題を用いて、次の代替仮説を検討した。拒絶感受性が高い人は、曖昧な拒絶後に笑顔に注意を向ける、もしくは、拒絶後に注意を向けるだろう。実験の結果はこれらの仮説に反し、拒絶感受性が高い人は、拒絶を経験しない統制条件において、拒絶顔に対する注意を高めることのみが示された。つまり、曖昧拒絶条件における選択的注意は、拒絶感受性による影響を受けなかった。拒絶感受性と不適切な反応の関係について考察した。It has been demonstrated that after an experience of being rejected, individuals pay increased attention to smiles, because of their fundamental need to belong (DeWall et al., 2009). Other research suggests that people with high rejection sensitivity tend to avoid attending faces showing rejection (Berenson et al., 2009). Rejection sensitivity is the disposition to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and intensely react to experiences of being rejected. Do rejection sensitive people also attend to a smile after experiencing an ambiguous rejection? In this study, we use the dot-probe task and examined the following predictions after an ambiguous rejection: highly rejection sensitive people would pay attention to (i) a smiling face, or (ii) disgust face. Contrary to these predictions, results indicated that in control condition, in which there was no rejection, highly rejection sensitive people highly attended only to the disgust faces. On the other hand, in the ambiguous rejection condition, selective attention was not affected by rejection sensitivity. We have discussed the relationship between rejection sensitivity and inappropriate reactions.