文献一覧: Hiroki Shimura (著者)

28 0 0 0 OA Systematic determination of thyroid volume by ultrasound examination from infancy to adolescence in Japan: The Fukushima Health Management Survey

著者: Satoru Suzuki Sanae Midorikawa Toshihiko Fukushima Hiroki Shimura Tetsuya Ohira Akira Ohtsuru Masafumi Abe Yoshisada Shibata Shunichi Yamashita Shinichi Suzuki
出版者: (社)日本内分泌学会
雑誌: Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日: pp.EJ14-0478, (Released:2015-01-15)
被引用文献数: 3 37

Although several reports have defined normal thyroid volume depending on either age or body surface, there are no sequential reference values on childhood thyroid volume evaluated by using ultrasonography and epidemiological analysis in Japan. The aim of the present study was to establish updated reference values for thyroid volume by ultrasound examination and epidemiological analysis in 0-19 year-old Japanese children. It is based on a cross-sectional study conducted from October 9, 2011 to March 31, 2012. The subjects were 38,063 children who were examined by ultrasonography as the initial preliminary survey of the Fukushima Health Management Survey in October 9, 2011 to March 31, 2012. The width, thickness, and height of each lobe were measured and the volume of each lobe was calculated by the mean of the elliptical shape volume formula. The values of thyroid volume at the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of age and body surface area for each gender group were obtained from 0-19 year-old children. Positive correlation was observed between thyroid volume and either age or body surface. The right lobe was significantly larger than the left lobe. The thyroid volume in females was larger than that in males after adjusting body surface area. The reference values of childhood thyroid for each age or body surface area were obtained by this extensive survey using ultrasound. These reference values may be used to define the normal size of thyroid gland by echosonography in Japanese children, although thyroid volume may be affected by dimorphic factors such as sex hormones.

2015-01-27 20:28:51
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28 0 0 0 OA PREVALENCE OF THYROID NODULAR LESIONS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

著者: HIROKI SHIMURA SHINICHI SUZUKI TOSHIHIKO FUKUSHIMA SANAE MIDORIKAWA SATORU SUZUKI NAOMI HAYASHIDA MISA IMAIZUMI NORIYUKI OKUBO YASUSHI ASARI TAKESHI NIGAWARA FUMIHIKO FURUYA KAZUHIKO KOTANI SHIGEYUKI NAKAJI AKIRA OTSURU TAKASHI AKAMIZU MASAFUMI KITAOKA NOBORU TAKAMURA MASAFUMI ABE HITOSHI OHTO NOBUYUKI TANIGUCHI SHUNICHI YAMASHITA
出版者: 福島医学会
雑誌: FUKUSHIMA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:00162590)
巻号頁・発行日: pp.2014-28, (Released:2014-12-20)
参考文献数: 33
被引用文献数: 4

Contents1. Introduction2. Thyroid ultrasound examination in Fukushima3. Thyroid ultrasound findings in children in three Japanese prefectures4. Prevalence of thyroid nodular lesions in children and adolescents 4.1 Thyroid cyst 4.2 Thyroid nodule 4.3 Thyroid cancer5. SummaryConflict of interestReference

2015-01-26 20:07:54
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24 0 0 0 OA A Comprehensive Review of the Progress and Evaluation of the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination Program, the Fukushima Health Management Survey

著者: Hiroki Shimura Satoru Suzuki Susumu Yokoya Manabu Iwadate Satoshi Suzuki Takashi Matsuzuka Noriko Setou Tetsuya Ohira Seiji Yasumura Shinichi Suzuki Hitoshi Ohto Kenji Kamiya Thyroid Ultrasound Examination Group
出版者: Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌: Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.32, no.Supplement_XII, pp.S23-S35, 2022-12-05 (Released:2022-12-05)
参考文献数: 71
被引用文献数: 3 8

The Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, and the subsequent tsunami caused an accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, in which extensive damage to the nuclear power reactors resulted in massive radioactive contamination. Fukushima Prefecture implemented the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination (TUE) program as part of the Fukushima Health Management Survey project in response to residents’ anxieties about health risks due to radiation exposure for residents aged 0–18 years at the time of the nuclear accident. This program consisted of the primary examination and the confirmatory examination. In the primary examination, thyroid nodules and cysts were examined using portable ultrasound apparatuses. The confirmatory examination was performed to have clinical or cytological diagnosis. As of June 30, 2021, 116, 71, 31, 36, and 9 examinees in the first, second, third, and fourth round of surveys, and the survey at age 25 years, respectively, were determined to have nodules cytologically diagnosed as malignant or suspicious for malignancy. The confirmatory examination of the fourth-round survey and the primary and confirmatory examination of fifth-round survey are currently in progress. Together with the low thyroid absorbed radiation dose estimated in the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2020 report, our results suggested that the increased incidence of childhood thyroid cancer in Fukushima Prefecture was not caused by radiation exposure, but rather by the highly sensitive detection method. As detailed in this review, there were ongoing challenges in our program, such as actions against the risk of overdiagnosis and psychological support for participants and their families.

22 0 0 0 OA The protocol and preliminary baseline survey results of the thyroid ultrasound examination in Fukushima

著者: Shinichi Suzuki Shunichi Yamashita Toshihiko Fukushima Keiichi Nakano Sanae Midorikawa Akira Ohtsuru Seiji Yasumura Mitsunori Hosoya Kenji Kamiya Hiroki Shimura Satoru Suzuki Izumi Nakamura Masafumi Abe
出版者: (社)日本内分泌学会
雑誌: Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日: pp.EJ15-0726, (Released:2016-02-27)
被引用文献数: 3 36

After the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident on March 11, 2011, the public of Japan became particularly concerned about the possibility of an increased risk of childhood thyroid cancer, similar to what was observed after the Chernobyl’s accident. Due to serious public health perception, there was an urgency to evaluate the baseline levels of childhood thyroid status in Fukushima prefecture. Therefore we have commenced a thyroid ultrasound examination (TUE) survey of the approximately 360,000 pediatric inhabitants (0 to 18 years of age) who lived in Fukushima at the time of the accident in October 2011. The subjects were divided into three categories according to the standardized diagnostic criteria of ultrasound findings. Category A contained the subjects whose TUE findings were intact or benign. Category B were recommended a confirmatory TUE. Category C was recommended an immediate confirmatory TUE. Results: The survey of 40,302 subjects in the first year was completed in March, 2013. There were 40,097 (99.5%), 205 (0.50%) and 0 subjects in categories A, B and C, respectively. Of the 82 category B subjects who underwent FNAC, 12 were diagnosed with a malignant tumor or were suspected to have malignancy. The 12 subjects received thyroid surgery and 11 thyroid cancers and one benign nodule were confirmed histologically after surgery. This is the first large-scaled TUE survey to employ sophisticated ultrasound screening and aim to evaluate the baseline frequency of childhood thyroid nodules and cysts. The results will become the golden standard of future comparative TUE in Fukushima, Japan.

2021-01-31 12:02:41
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20 0 0 0 OA Cytological examination of the thyroid in children and adolescents after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident: the Fukushima Health Management Survey

著者: Atsuhiko Sakamoto Takashi Matsuzuka Yukie Yamaya Satoru Suzuki Manabu Iwadate Satoshi Suzuki Yuko Hashimoto Osamu Suzuki Shinichi Suzuki Susumu Yokoya Tetsuya Ohira Seiji Yasumura Hitoshi Ohto Kenji Kamiya Hiroki Shimura
出版者: The Japan Endocrine Society
雑誌: Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日: pp.EJ20-0235, (Released:2020-08-20)
被引用文献数: 1

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident occurred on March 11 2011, following the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami. Radioactive materials, including I-131, were released into the environment after the accident. Shortly after, the prefectural government initiated the Fukushima Health Management Survey for monitoring the long-term health conditions of the residents of Fukushima Prefecture. In the survey, thyroid ultrasonography was scheduled for all people aged 18 years or younger who were living in Fukushima Prefecture at the time of disaster. The total number of examinees was approximately 370,000 in the Preliminary Baseline Survey (PBLS), and 380,000 in the first Full-scale Survey (FSS). First, thyroid ultrasonography was performed as the Primary Examination. When a thyroid nodule that meets the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) guideline is detected, thyroid FNAC is performed. By the end of June 2017, the cytological specimens of 187 examinees had been interpreted as Malignant or Suspicious for Malignancy (SFM). In this article, the cytological results of whole categories are presented using the criteria of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. The total numbers of examinees with SFM or Malignant in PBLS and at the first FSS were 106 (62.0%) and 71 (38.0%), respectively. The data of the cytological results of SFM and Malignant were already reported. However, this is the first report of cytological data from categories other than SFM and Malignant. The results of the current study will contribute to future research into the thyroid conditions of children and adolescents.

2022-04-13 10:11:30
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8 0 0 0 OA PREVALENCE OF THYROID NODULAR LESIONS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

著者: HIROKI SHIMURA SHINICHI SUZUKI TOSHIHIKO FUKUSHIMA SANAE MIDORIKAWA SATORU SUZUKI NAOMI HAYASHIDA MISA IMAIZUMI NORIYUKI OKUBO YASUSHI ASARI TAKESHI NIGAWARA FUMIHIKO FURUYA KAZUHIKO KOTANI SHIGEYUKI NAKAJI AKIRA OTSURU TAKASHI AKAMIZU MASAFUMI KITAOKA NOBORU TAKAMURA MASAFUMI ABE HITOSHI OHTO NOBUYUKI TANIGUCHI SHUNICHI YAMASHITA
出版者: THE FUKUSHIMA SOCIETY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
雑誌: FUKUSHIMA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:00162590)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.60, no.2, pp.196-202, 2014 (Released:2015-02-26)
参考文献数: 33
被引用文献数: 4

2018-01-17 06:58:35
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7 0 0 0 OA Systematic determination of thyroid volume by ultrasound examination from infancy to adolescence in Japan: The Fukushima Health Management Survey

著者: Satoru Suzuki Sanae Midorikawa Toshihiko Fukushima Hiroki Shimura Tetsuya Ohira Akira Ohtsuru Masafumi Abe Yoshisada Shibata Shunichi Yamashita Shinichi Suzuki
出版者: The Japan Endocrine Society
雑誌: Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.62, no.3, pp.261-268, 2015 (Released:2015-03-30)
参考文献数: 19
被引用文献数: 7 37

2018-04-16 08:09:57
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6 0 0 0 OA Investigation of thyroid cancer cases that were not detected in the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination program of the Fukushima Health Management Survey but diagnosed at Fukushima Medical University Hospital

著者: Susumu Yokoya Manabu Iwadate Hiroki Shimura Satoru Suzuki Takashi Matsuzuka Satoshi Suzuki Shigeyuki Murono Seiji Yasumura Kenji Kamiya Yuko Hashimoto Shin-Ichi Suzuki
出版者: THE FUKUSHIMA SOCIETY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
雑誌: FUKUSHIMA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:00162590)
巻号頁・発行日: pp.2019-26, (Released:2019-12-13)
参考文献数: 12
被引用文献数: 2

The Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011, and its subsequent Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, prompted implementation of the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination (TUE) program as a part of the Fukushima Health Management Survey. The purpose of this program is to support residents of Fukushima Prefecture, and to analyze the health effects of the released radionuclides. Regardless of relatively high participation rates and a well-planned diagnostic flow, it is conceivable that not all thyroid cancer cases can be detected by the TUE program. The aims of the present study were to identify and characterize these “outside” cases, targeting patients at Fukushima Medical University (FMU) Hospital. As of June 30, 2017, we have successfully identified 11 outside cases. These corresponded to 5.7% of the 194 subjects who were identified as having thyroid cancer or suspected thyroid cancer in the TUE program. Although the outside subjects of other institutes were not investigated, the present study may have identified the majority of outside subjects in Japan, considering that FMU Hospital treats a large number of thyroid cancer subjects. Furthermore, the characteristics of the 11 subjects were not different from those of the subjects identified in the TUE program. These findings confirm that the TUE program was able to identify subjects of thyroid cancer adequately and sufficiently.

2020-08-24 14:27:35
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5 0 0 0 OA Investigation of thyroid cancer cases that were not detected in the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination program of the Fukushima Health Management Survey but diagnosed at Fukushima Medical University Hospital

著者: Susumu Yokoya Manabu Iwadate Hiroki Shimura Satoru Suzuki Takashi Matsuzuka Satoshi Suzuki Shigeyuki Murono Seiji Yasumura Kenji Kamiya Yuko Hashimoto Shin-Ichi Suzuki
出版者: THE FUKUSHIMA SOCIETY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
雑誌: FUKUSHIMA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:00162590)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.65, no.3, pp.122-127, 2019 (Released:2020-01-09)
参考文献数: 12
被引用文献数: 2

2020-08-24 14:27:37
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5 0 0 0 OA The protocol and preliminary baseline survey results of the thyroid ultrasound examination in Fukushima [Rapid Communication]

著者: Shinichi Suzuki Shunichi Yamashita Toshihiko Fukushima Keiichi Nakano Sanae Midorikawa Akira Ohtsuru Seiji Yasumura Mitsunori Hosoya Kenji Kamiya Hiroki Shimura Satoru Suzuki Izumi Nakamura Masafumi Abe
出版者: (社)日本内分泌学会
雑誌: Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.63, no.3, pp.315-321, 2016 (Released:2016-03-31)
参考文献数: 15
被引用文献数: 3 36

After the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident on March 11, 2011, the public of Japan became particularly concerned about the possibility of an increased risk of childhood thyroid cancer, similar to what was observed after the Chernobyl’s accident. Due to serious public health perception, there was an urgency to evaluate the baseline levels of childhood thyroid status in Fukushima prefecture. Therefore we have commenced a thyroid ultrasound examination (TUE) survey of the approximately 360,000 pediatric inhabitants (0 to 18 years of age) who lived in Fukushima at the time of the accident in October 2011. The subjects were divided into three categories according to the standardized diagnostic criteria of ultrasound findings. Category A contained the subjects whose TUE findings were intact or benign. Category B were recommended a confirmatory TUE. Category C was recommended an immediate confirmatory TUE. Results: The survey of 40,302 subjects in the first year was completed in March, 2013. There were 40,097 (99.5%), 205 (0.50%) and 0 subjects in categories A, B and C, respectively. Of the 82 category B subjects who underwent fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), 12 were diagnosed with a malignant tumor or were suspected to have malignancy. The 12 subjects received thyroid surgery and 11 thyroid cancers and one benign nodule were confirmed histologically after surgery. This is the first large-scaled TUE survey to employ sophisticated ultrasound screening and aim to evaluate the baseline frequency of childhood thyroid nodules and cysts. The results will become the golden standard of future comparative TUE in Fukushima, Japan.

2016-12-31 13:21:05
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4 0 0 0 OA Cytological examination of the thyroid in children and adolescents after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident: the Fukushima Health Management Survey

著者: Atsuhiko Sakamoto Takashi Matsuzuka Yukie Yamaya Satoru Suzuki Manabu Iwadate Satoshi Suzuki Yuko Hashimoto Osamu Suzuki Shinichi Suzuki Susumu Yokoya Tetsuya Ohira Seiji Yasumura Hitoshi Ohto Kenji Kamiya Hiroki Shimura
出版者: The Japan Endocrine Society
雑誌: Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.67, no.12, pp.1233-1238, 2020 (Released:2020-12-28)
参考文献数: 30
被引用文献数: 1

2021-01-08 13:52:58
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4 0 0 0 OA Factors influencing the proportion of non-examinees in the Fukushima Health Management Survey for childhood and adolescent thyroid cancer: Results from the baseline survey

著者: Kunihiko Takahashi Hideto Takahashi Tomoki Nakaya Seiji Yasumura Tetsuya Ohira Hitoshi Ohto Akira Ohtsuru Sanae Midorikawa Shinichi Suzuki Hiroki Shimura Shunichi Yamashita Koichi Tanigawa Kenji Kamiya
出版者: Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌: Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日: pp.JE20180247, (Released:2019-06-15)
参考文献数: 20
被引用文献数: 3

Background: After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, a preliminary ultrasound-based screening for thyroid cancer was conducted to establish a baseline for subsequent evaluations. In this survey, we assessed the relationship between the proportion of non-examinees and characteristics of the target populations.Methods: After summarizing a regional difference of non-examinees among the population of 359,200 (primary evaluation) and 2,246 (confirmatory testing) individuals who were living in the Fukushima prefecture on 11 March 2011, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) for each characteristic including age, sex, area of residence, and moving after the accident, based on the proportion of non-examinees for the primary examination and the confirmatory testing, using a multivariate logistic regression model.Results: The dataset included 64,117 non-examinees (primary evaluation) and 194 (confirmatory testing). The logistic regression result indicated that girls were not likely to be non-examinees compared to boys with adjusted OR of 0.80 (95% confidence interval[CI]:0.78-0.81) for the primary evaluation. OR was the lowest for children 6-10 years old (y/o) (OR=0.26, CI:0.25-0.27), and higher for those 11-15 y/o (OR=1.28, CI:1.25-1.32) and over 16 y/o (OR=5.30, CI:5.16-5.43) when compared to children 0-5 y/o. Individuals residing in the western part of the prefecture showed higher ORs. There was a higher proportion of non-examinees among those who moved after the accident compared to those who did not in the primary evaluation (OR=1.72, CI:1.64-1.79).Conclusions: In addition to the demographic characteristics, a change of residence could be a potential factor that influenced the proportion of non-examinees. Our results will help proper interpretation of reports and prospective management of the survey.

2019-06-19 07:05:34
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3 0 0 0 OA Achievements and Current Status of the Fukushima Health Management Survey

著者: Seiji Yasumura Tetsuya Ohira Tetsuo Ishikawa Hiroki Shimura Akira Sakai Masaharu Maeda Itaru Miura Keiya Fujimori Hitoshi Ohto Kenji Kamiya
出版者: Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌: Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.32, no.Supplement_XII, pp.S3-S10, 2022-12-05 (Released:2022-12-05)
参考文献数: 46
被引用文献数: 11 21

The Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS) was established in response to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on March 11, 2011. The primary objectives of the study are to monitor residents’ long-term health and promote their future well-being, and to determine the health effects of long-term low-dose radiation exposure. This special issue summarizes the results and current status of the FHMS and discusses the challenges and future directions of the FHMS. The FHMS, a cohort study of all people who were residents in Fukushima Prefecture at the time of the accident, consists of a Basic Survey, Thyroid Ultrasound Examination, Comprehensive Health Check, Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey, and Pregnancy and Birth Survey. The radiation exposure was estimated based on the behavioral records examined using the Basic Survey. Although the response rate was low in the Basic Survey, the representativeness of the radiation exposure data was confirmed using additional surveys. There appears to be no relationship between the radiation exposure and risk of thyroid cancer, although more thyroid cancer cases were detected than initially expected. The ongoing Comprehensive Health Check and Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey have provided evidence of worsening physical and mental health status. The Pregnancy and Birth Survey showed rates of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and congenital abnormalities similar to the national average. Considering the above evidence, the Fukushima Prefectural Government decided to end the Pregnancy and Birth Survey at the end of March 2021, as recommended by the Prefectural Oversight Committee. The framework of the FHMS has not changed, but the FHMS needs to adapt according to the survey results and the changing needs of the eligible residents and municipalities.

2 0 0 0 OA Revisiting the Geographical Distribution of Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Fukushima Prefecture: Analysis of Data From the Second- and Third-round Thyroid Ultrasound Examination

著者: Tomoki Nakaya Kunihiko Takahashi Hideto Takahashi Seiji Yasumura Tetsuya Ohira Hiroki Shimura Satoru Suzuki Satoshi Suzuki Manabu Iwadate Susumu Yokoya Hitoshi Ohto Kenji Kamiya
出版者: Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌: Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.32, no.Supplement_XII, pp.S76-S83, 2022-12-05 (Released:2022-12-05)
参考文献数: 31
被引用文献数: 2 4

Background: After the first-round (Preliminary Baseline Survey) ultrasound-based examination for thyroid cancer in response to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011, two rounds of surveys (Full-scale Survey) have been carried out in Fukushima Prefecture. Using the data from these surveys, the geographical distribution of thyroid cancer incidence over 6 or 7 years after the disaster was examined.Methods: Children and adolescents who underwent the ultrasound-based examinations in the second- and/or third-round (Full-scale) survey in addition to the first-round survey were included. With a discrete survival model, we computed age, sex, and body mass index standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for municipalities. Then, we employed spatial statistics to assess geographic clustering tendency in SIRs and Poisson regression to assess the association of SIRs with the municipal average absorbed dose to the thyroid gland at the 59-municipality level.Results: Throughout the second- and third-round surveys, 99 thyroid cancer cases were diagnosed in the study population of 252,502 individuals. Both flexibly shaped spatial scan statistics and maximized excess events test did not detect statistically significant spatial clustering (P = 0.17 and 0.54, respectively). Poisson regression showed no significant dose-response relationship: the estimated relative risks of lowest, middle-low, middle-high, and highest areas were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52–2.59), 0.55 (95% CI, 0.31–0.97), 1.05 (95% CI, 0.79–1.40), and 1.24 (95% CI, 0.89–1.74).Conclusion: There was no statistical support for geographic clustering or regional association with radiation dose measures of the thyroid cancer incidence in the cohort followed up to the third-round survey (fiscal years 2016–2017) in Fukushima Prefecture.

2023-02-01 07:49:24
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1 0 0 0 OA Introduction of histological classification and cytology reporting format of the Japanese General Rules for the Description of Thyroid Cancer with a special focus on the differences of the WHO Histological Classification and The Bethesda System of Thyroid Cytology

著者: Atsuhiko Sakamoto Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa Masahiro Ito Hiroshi Naganuma Osamu Suzuki Yuko Hashimoto Shinichi Suzuki Hiroki Shimura
出版者: The Japan Endocrine Society
雑誌: Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.68, no.6, pp.621-630, 2021 (Released:2021-06-28)
参考文献数: 22
被引用文献数: 3

Histological classification and cytology reporting format described in General Rules for the Description of Thyroid Cancer, the 8th edition (2019) (the Japanese General Rules) were briefly introduced. Moreover, the differences between “the Japanese General Rules”, and WHO Histological Classification, the 4th edition (2017) and The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, the 2nd edition (2018) were also explained. The Japanese General Rules did not accept the borderline lesions of thyroid tumor which were newly shown in WHO Histological Classification. We believe it is not necessary to introduce these borderline lesions in daily practice in Japan. Borderline lesions were proposed for avoiding over-surgery for thyroid cancer patients. In the United States, when the patient is diagnosed as malignant on cytology, total thyroidectomy is generally recommended. However, there is no over-surgery in Japan, because surgeons have several choices of treatment for thyroid cancer patients. This article is the first that the Japanese General Rules was shown by foreign language. Therefore, this will be advantageous to us when we present our opinion concerning histology and cytology of thyroid tumor to the world.

2022-06-08 09:07:20
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