2 0 0 0 OA コスト・ベネフィット比較におけるマン・レムの価値: 文献的検討
- 著者
- 稲葉 次郎
- 出版者
- Japan Health Physics Society
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.12, no.2, pp.109-116, 1977 (Released:2010-02-25)
- 参考文献数
- 9
- 被引用文献数
- 1
As any radiation exposure may involve some degree of risk the International Commission of Radiation Protection recommends that any unnecessary exposure be avoided, and that all doses be kept ALARA, i. e., as low as is readily achievable, economic and social considerations being taken into account. To define the level at which it can be said that a dose is ALARA the use of cost- (or risk-) benefit analysis is required. In making a cost-benefit calculation the most difficult step is the conversion of positive and negative effect into a consistent set of units, i. e., conversion of man-rem into dollars. This paper presents the monetary value of population dose which appeared in the past reports (six papers reffered by ICRP Publication 22, BEIR Report and NRC-10CFR50, App. I).We must be very careful in the application of cost-benefit analysis to decision making of individual cases, but the estimated risk in monetary term may help us at least to check whether we act in a consistent way.
- 著者
- Haruyuki OGINO Takatoshi HATTORI
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.49, no.4, pp.194-198, 2014 (Released:2015-12-18)
- 参考文献数
- 18
- 被引用文献数
- 4 7
This study was designed to calculate the background lifetime risk of cancer mortality in Japan. The mortality and population data obtained from national surveys for the vital statistics and population census in 2010 are stratified at 5-year age intervals of 0-4, 5-9, ..., 80-84 with a final open interval of 85+ for use in a life table. It was found that the gender-averaged background lifetime risk of cancer mortality ranges from 23.7% to 28.3% among 47 prefectures, and the arithmetic mean was calculated to be 25.4%. It is important to consider the incremental risk of cancer mortality posed by exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g., an additive lifetime risk of 0.5% at the effective dose of 100 mSv) in the context of the level of the background lifetime risk of cancer mortality of the exposed population.
2 0 0 0 OA 走行サーベイによる測定値の地上高1 m値への換算
- 著者
- 鈴木 将文 佐々木 守 菊池 浩司
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.53, no.4, pp.207-218, 2018 (Released:2019-03-03)
- 参考文献数
- 17
We converted the measured values to the measurement value of 1 m height obtained by the calibrated survey meter by using the regression of the car-borne survey measurements on existing survey meter measurements of the absorbed dose rate in air. Detailed investigation was conducted for all factors considered to potentially influence the measured value. The equation made by these factors was nearly accordance with this regression. The result of converting the measurement results into the survey meter measurement value was 22-111 nGy h-1. Comparing the distribution map of environmental gamma-ray dose rate by car-borne survey with a geological map shows that the area with high gamma-ray dose rate coincides well with areas of Granitoid, Paleogene system and Tertiary Volcanic Rocks. The area with low gamma-ray dose rate coincides with areas of Quaternary Volcanic Rocks and their surroundings. The source of these rocks is considered to be volcanic ejecta. The annual effective dose from the geometric mean value in Aomori prefecture was estimated to be about 0.21 mSv y-1. This value is lower than the annual external dose that would be obtained by exposure to the average terrestrial gamma-ray dose rate in Japan.
- 著者
- Shin'ichi KUDO Keiko YOSHIMOTO Hiroshige FURUTA Kazumasa INOUE Masahiro FUKUSHI Fumiyoshi KASAGI
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.53, no.3, pp.146-153, 2018 (Released:2018-11-27)
- 参考文献数
- 41
- 被引用文献数
- 7
Whether exposure to radiation at low dose and at low dose rate is related to leukemia mortality and morbidity remains controversial. Cohort studies of nuclear workers chronically exposed to radiation at low dose and at low dose rate in their workplaces provide an opportunity to directly evaluate the risks of leukemia in the lower dose ranges. Previous findings have come mostly from Western countries, with few from Asian countries. The present study aimed to examine radiation’s effects on mortality from leukemia, in a cohort of Japanese nuclear workers. The cohort consisted of 204,103 workers, who were followed from 1991 to 2010, with a total of 2.89 million person-years. The mean age and mean cumulative dose at the age at the end of follow-up were 55.6 years and 13.8 mSv. During the study, 209 leukemia deaths were observed. The linear excess relative risk (ERR) for all types of leukemia was negative, but not significant (ERR/Sv = -0.54; 90% confidence interval; -4.04, 2.96). Specific types of leukemia also showed no significant risks. A significant radiation-leukemia association for mortality was not observed in this study of Japanese nuclear workers. The cohort, however, is still young. Further follow-up is needed to obtain more reliable estimates of leukemia risks for Japanese workers exposed to low dose and low-dose rate radiation.
2 0 0 0 OA 2. 疫学に基づくリスク評価の立場から
- 著者
- 馬淵 清彦
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.32, no.1, pp.5-8, 1997 (Released:2010-02-25)
- 参考文献数
- 4
2 0 0 0 OA 福島第一原発事故の一省察
2 0 0 0 OA 作業環境におけるトリチウムのモニタリング
2 0 0 0 OA 各国の放射線疫学コホート研究における手法の相違点
- 著者
- 工藤 伸一 石田 淳一 吉本 恵子 古田 裕繁 笠置 文善
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.52, no.4, pp.265-274, 2017 (Released:2018-02-24)
- 参考文献数
- 33
- 被引用文献数
- 1
Although many radiation epidemiological studies have been carried out, there is still uncertainty about the health effects of low dose and low dose-rate radiation in humans. One reason for this uncertainty is that the risk of radiation itself may be too small to detect. Another possible reason is that the main components of cohorts or statistical method vary in each study. Comparing the Excess Relative Risks (ERRs) with other studies is often one approach; however, few studies have denoted the validity of comparing ERRs. To verify the differences in study methods, we summarized them and the results of radiation epidemiological studies to date. Some of these studies targeted high background residents or patients who received CT scans. In the present work, we focused on cohort studies among nuclear industry workers because they assured more accurate dose measurements and had no possibility of reverse causation (i.e., patients who received CT scans had worse health conditions, which prompted the need for the scans). In addition, we limited the studies to those that summarize derived excess relative risks of mortality based on a linear model.
2 0 0 0 OA 放射線の影響評価と染色体異常
- 著者
- 石原 隆昭
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.13, no.3, pp.171-182, 1978 (Released:2010-02-25)
- 参考文献数
- 37
Chromosome abnormalities induced in peripheral lymphocytes are excellent biological indicators of radiation exposure. The estimate of the absorbed dose of radiation based on the chromosome aberration yield is considered the most dependable means of the biological dosimetry. In this brief review, several aspects of the use of radiation-induced chromosome abnormalities for the assessment of the biological effects of radiation are discussed; chromosome abnormalities induced by radiation, the yields of chromosome abnormalities in relation to dose, quality and dose rate of radiation, dosimetry shortly after exposure and after many years, and the capacity of chromosome abnormalities as indicators of radiation effects in the low dose level.Chromosome abnormalities to be used for the estimate are chromosome type abnormalities such as dicentrics, rings and others, among which dicentrics and rings are regarded as the most adequate since they can be easily detected, and are highly dose-dependent. On the basis of the yield of dicentrics and rings, an absorbed dose equivalent to as low as about 10rad of 60CO gamma rays may be estimated. Even many years after exposure when there are no other indicators remaining, chromosome abnormalities can still serve as fairly reliable indicators.
2 0 0 0 OA 環境放射線モニタに認められた太陽フレアの影響
2 0 0 0 OA 放射性物質による皮膚汚染の除染方法に関する実験的考察
- 著者
- 草間 朋子 伊藤 成 吉澤 康雄
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.21, no.3, pp.127-131, 1986 (Released:2010-02-25)
- 参考文献数
- 9
The present study was conducted to investigate the decontamination procedure for the skin contaminated with radioactive materials; those were cobalt-58 (58CoCl2), mangan-54 (54MnCl2) and radioactive CRUD (Chalk River Unidentified Deposit) and the skins of pigs were used. The procedures and materials used for decontamination were as follows: (1) 0.5% Hyamin solution, (2) brushing, (3) acid soap, (4) stripping cream, (5) cosmetic cleansing cream, (6) potassium permanganate and sodium thiosulfate solutions, (7) titanium oxide paste, and (8) their combination. Each procedure was performed for 2min, and repeated twice or 4 times at 15 or 60min after contamination. The residual radioactivity after decontamination procedure was measured with a 2×2 inch NaI (Tl) scintillation detector or a solid state detector. The following sequential procedure was most effective: washing with 0.5% Hyamin solution for 2min, brushing with acid soap, rubbing cosmetic cleansing cream and washing for 2min with tap water. Since this procedure is simple and not irritable, it is appropriate for human skin. The residual activities on the skin after this decontamination were about 20, 20 and 10% for cobalt, mangan and CRUD, respectively. When the decontamination with 0.5% Hyamin solution began within 15min after contanimation, the residual radioactivity was 3% of administered activity, but 60% in the case 60min after contamination. Thus, a noteworthy point for decontamination is to begin as soon as possible.
2 0 0 0 OA 「発電用軽水型原子炉施設周辺の線量目標値に対する評価指針」について
2 0 0 0 OA エボナイトを用いた臨界事故時における中性子被ばく線量の評価
- 著者
- 辻村 憲雄 三上 智 吉田 忠義 高田 千恵
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.40, no.3, pp.267-276, 2005 (Released:2010-08-05)
- 参考文献数
- 15
The authors studied the feasibility of utilizing ebonite as a personal neutron dosemeter in criticality accidents. A disc-shaped ebonite, a hard rubber containing 30wt% sulfur, can be used as a highly effective criticality neutron dosemeter because of a simplicity of measurements of beta activity arising from 32S(n, p)32P reactions. The counting efficiency of beta particles with an end-window GM counter for an ebonite disc in 50mm diameter and 3mm thick was determined by 252Cf neutron irradiation. The neutron spectrum dependency of 32P activity per neutron dose was computed using Monte-Carlo calculations of various neutron spectra that could be encountered in criticality accidents, and the results were tabulated as a set of spectrum correction factors. Performance tests using the SILENE reactor indicated that neutron doses could be evaluated within ±15% with the application of suitable correction factors.
2 0 0 0 OA 硝酸ウラニルエアロゾルを吸入させたラットにおけるウランの体内分布と排泄
- 著者
- 岡林 弘之 中込 みよ子 鈴木 間左支 渡辺 征紀 本郷 昭三
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.8, no.2, pp.73-78, 1973 (Released:2010-02-25)
- 参考文献数
- 9
Distribution in the body and excretion pattern of uranium have been investigated, following the inhalation of uranyl nitrate aerosols (concentration of uranium were 4.2μg/l and 26.4μg/l respectively) by adult rats. Amounts of uranium in the lung and the kidney immediately after the inhalation of the aerosol were about ten to several tens times greater than those in other organs, but decreased to the level of back ground after about one month. Following the single inhalation of the aerosol, the levels of uranium in liver, spleen, blood and bones were almost in back ground level during the period of one month thereafter.However, as the amout of uranium in the liver almost coincided with that of the spleen, it is estimated that the dose delivered to the spleen is more than ten times than that of the liver, in comparison of the both weights. The excretion of uranium in urine increases, according to the inhalation of uranyl nitrate. Therefore, uranium in urine is considered as a good index of the body burden of uranium for the estimation in case of the inhalation of the uranyl compound.
2 0 0 0 OA 水晶体の放射線防護に関する専門研究会中間報告書 (I)
- 著者
- 赤羽 恵一 飯本 武志 伊知地 猛 岩井 敏 大口 裕之 大野 和子 川浦 稚代 立崎 英夫 辻村 憲雄 浜田 信行 藤通 有希 堀田 豊 山崎 直 横山 須美
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.49, no.3, pp.145-152, 2014 (Released:2015-07-18)
- 参考文献数
- 52
- 被引用文献数
- 4 7
In April 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued the statement on tissue reactions. This stimulated interest in many countries. The Expert Committee on Radiation Protection of the Lens of the Eye was established in the Japanese Health Physics Society, and in April 2013, started discussion about the international developments and recent studies related to the dosimetry of the lens of the eye. This committee now publishes the interim report consisting of parts I-VI. Of these, this Part I overviews the structure of the eye and lens, cataract types and the scientific evidence of its new dose threshold and equivalent dose limit newly recommended by the ICRP.
2 0 0 0 OA 水晶体の放射線防護に関する専門研究会中間報告書 (Ⅲ)
- 著者
- 赤羽 恵一 飯本 武志 伊知地 猛 岩井 敏 大口 裕之 大野 和子 川浦 稚代 立崎 英夫 辻村 憲雄 浜田 信行 藤通 有希 堀田 豊 山崎 直 横山 須美
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.49, no.4, pp.171-179, 2014 (Released:2015-12-18)
- 参考文献数
- 21
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Many studies have been internationally reported as part of projects regarding the radiation exposure for the lens of the eye of medical staff members under various conditions, methods of dosimetry and development of dosimeters for the lens of the eye. Recently conducted studies include the Retrospective Evaluation of Lens Injuries and Dose (RELID) of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Occupational Cataracts and Lens Opacities in interventional Cardiology (O’CLOC) study in France, Optimization of Radiation Protection of Medical Staff (ORAMED) project in European countries, and a 20-year prospective cohort study among US radiologic technologists. Given the newly implemented dose limit for the lens of the eye by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), we summarized these studies as the necessary information for reconsideration of the Japanese dose limit for the lens of the eye. In addition, this article also covers the exposures for the lens of the eye of clean-up workers in the Chernobyl accident as shown in ICRP Publication 118 and the results of a hearing survey with specialists of the Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine.
2 0 0 0 OA 一般市民の放射線の基礎知識に関するアンケート調査
- 著者
- 工藤 ひろみ 床次 眞司 細田 正洋 岩岡 和輝 葛西 幸彦
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.51, no.2, pp.92-97, 2016 (Released:2016-08-09)
- 参考文献数
- 13
- 被引用文献数
- 2
On 11 March 2011, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, which occurred at Northern Japan, and subsequent tsunami caused serious damage to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS). People living within a radius of 30 km were evacuated from their homes. Residents of Namie Town stayed for several days at a location 30 km northwest of the FDNPS. However, as a highly concentrated radioactive plume passed over this location, the evacuees are very much worried about their radiation exposure. On the other hand, there are several nuclear facilities in Aomori Prefecture. Such circumstances may produce concerns among people regarding an increased risk of cancer or other radiation-induced disease. In this study, focusing on the citizens of Namie Town and Aomori Prefecture (Hirosaki, Aomori and Hachinohe Cities), their understanding of basic knowledge on radiation was investigated through anonymous questionnaires. The present study has revealed that people recognized that they are exposed to natural radiation of more than 1 mSv, Despite this fact, however, people in Namie Town believe even radiation of 1 mSv will cause them some biological effects. Although basic general knowledge on radiation should be provided, a reliable relationship between the general public and experts also needs to be established.
2 0 0 0 OA 「科学者の責任・学会の責任」福島原発事故を踏まえて
- 著者
- 長瀧 重信
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.47, no.4, pp.233-234, 2012 (Released:2013-12-17)
- 被引用文献数
- 1
2 0 0 0 OA 原子放射線の影響に関する国連科学委員会の2000年報告書について
- 著者
- Shogo TAKAHARA Masashi IIJIMA Kazumasa SHIMADA
- 出版者
- 日本保健物理学会
- 雑誌
- 保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.50, no.3, pp.172-181, 2015 (Released:2016-02-06)
- 参考文献数
- 30
- 被引用文献数
- 1
Radiation-induced cancer is one of the key issues in a consequence analysis on a Nuclear Power Plant accident. U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) developed the estimation model of those risks for the use of accident consequence analysis in 1980s and 1990s. This model is still used as a leading model in this field. In this paper, we aimed to explore the differences between the results of risk prediction from the model of USNRC and those from a latest model. To achieve this aim, radiation-induced cancer risks were projected based on the Japanese population statistics using the models developed by USNRC and the latest model, which was developed by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). As compared to the model of USEPA, the lifetime attributable risks of all cancers projected by the model of USNRC were about 30% higher for male and about 35% lower for female in both morbidity and mortality. When the sex-averaged values were compared between them, the difference is within 10%.