著者

堀 まゆみ 小豆川 勝見 松尾 基之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.129-135, 2017-12-18 (Released:2018-06-22)

参考文献数

31

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High Cr(VI) contaminants have often been detected in groundwater and soils around chromium slag dumping site in Tokyo. The actual status of Cr(VI) seepage in Ojima-Komatsugawa Park was surveyed from January to December 2016, followed with examination of its causes. Firstly, quite heavily concentrated Cr(VI) was detected in seepage water from permeable pipe at the Wansaka Field in the Park. The 50 mm of total rainfall was found to be the trigger for Cr(VI) to leach and spread to the sidewalk. Secondly, Cr(VI) exceeding the standard value concentration flows out into the sewage at the catch basin in Komatsugawa area during rainfall. Leakage at the both points could not be directly related to groundwater level. Results indicated that rainfall causes seepage of Cr(VI), which results in the ongoing pollution in these areas. There had been some attempts to remediate the pollution by applying iron sulfate, however, the investigation revealed significance of further development for fundamental solution.

著者

平川 周作 中島 淳 松木 昌也 古賀 敬興 秦 弘一郎 柏原 学 古閑 豊和 石間 妙子 宮脇 崇 金子 洋平 志水 信弘 松本 源生 石橋 融子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.125-132, 2020 (Released:2020-09-18)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, we examined a fish survey method using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding in a river, and the relationship between the fish survey results and water quality detected in eDNA was analyzed. eDNA surveys and fishing surveys were conducted in summer and winter, targeting three sites on three rivers in Fukuoka prefecture. Our comparison of riffles and pools and our examination of the appropriate places to collect eDNA samples revealed that the detected fish species were not completely consistent between the two kinds of surveys and there was no ecological features common to detected fish species. Therefore, sampling at multiple locations is expected to reduce detectable fish dropouts. More fish species were detected in the eDNA survey than in the collection survey at all times. However, the results also suggested that the DNA of fish species living upstream may remain at sampling site, and benthic fish species tend to be difficult to detect by eDNA surveys. In addition, the influence of water quality on the characteristics of the survey site were analyzed, since marine species were detected in some river eDNA surveys. The results suggested that domestic drainage is likely to affect the characteristics in winter, when the amount of water is small, and the change in concentration of linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and its salts and the change of the ratio of chloride ions may be used as an index of domestic drainage.

著者

小豆川 勝見 堀 まゆみ 髙倉 凌

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.77-81, 2018-09-20 (Released:2019-03-22)

参考文献数

19

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We investigated the dynamics of air dose rate and radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) in pond sediments at urban environment, Hikarigaoka Park, Tokyo, where drained the water from the pond on Dec. 2017 for the first time after the Fukushima accident (Mar. 2011). The average of the air dose rates at the height of 1 m outside/inside the pond was 0.069±0.024 μSv/h (n=1926, Ave ±1σ), which did not conflict with the decontamination criteria. The distribution of radiocesium in sediment was totally uniform. The maximum radioactivity of pond sediments was 58.3 Bq/kg-wet, and that of average was 30.6±11.4 Bq/kg-wet (n=80, Ave ±1σ). The maximum inventory was 4.10 kBq/m2, which was clearly less than the inventory (6.94 kBq/m2) when assuming the pond as Japanese paddy field. This fact showed that the pond had the small accumulation effect of radiocesium at the time of our survey. It is estimated that this effect is caused by a mechanism that constantly circulates the pond water.

著者

小栗 朋子 石橋 由梨 吉永 淳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.43-47, 2013 (Released:2013-09-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 3

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Total and inorganic arsenic (tAs and iAs) analysis of soils and house dust samples, collected pair-wise from 41 residences of general public in Japan, was carried out to estimate contributions of these non-dietary oral sources to total daily exposure level of iAs, an established human carcinogen. Total As concentration in the samples was determined after mixed acid digestion followed by ICP mass spectrometric (ICPMS) determination. Non-spectroscopic interference arising from residual carbon in the digest was successfully compensated by addition of 3% acetic acid to sample digest and standard solution. Concentration of iAs in soil and house dust samples (n=20 each) was measured by liquid chromatography- ICPMS after extraction with synthetic gastric juice. Median tAs concentration in soil (n=38) and house dust (n=40) was 10 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. Median iAs (AsIII+AsV) concentration was <0.01 and 0.24 mg/kg, respectively. Assuming that adult unintentionally ingest 50 mg each of soil and house dust, daily exposure level was estimated to be 0.0005 and 0.012 μg/day, respectively. When recently reported daily dietary iAs intake (mean of two estimates: 15.4 μg/day) is considered, contributions from soil and house dust to total daily oral exposure was estimated to be 0.003 and 0.08%, respectively. Soil and house dust ingestion, as well as inhalation exposure (estimated to be 0.02 μg/day), was found to be insignificant for total daily iAs exposure of Japanese.

著者

松元 美里 野牧 秀隆 川口 慎介 古賀 夕貴 樋口 汰樹 松本 英顕 西牟田 昂 龍田 典子 上野 大介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.94-99, 2020 (Released:2020-05-26)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 5

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The usage of synthetic fragrances which contained in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been increasing in Japan, and environmental discharge of those chemicals have also been increasing. This study tried to detect odor compounds in sediment core samples collected from 1,400 and 9,200 m water depths, in Sagami Bay and Izu-Bonin Trench, Japan. Odor activities in sediment core samples were detected by Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry (GC-O) which detects odor chemicals using human olfaction. It is the first report which analyzed the odor activities in deep-sea sediments. By comparing odor activities found in deeper and surface core samples, six odor compounds were tentatively defined as anthropogenic source. It is required to conduct the novel research topic of "environmental risk assessment for odor compounds". The GC-O could be useful technique to find the emerging chemicals on the research fields of environmental chemistry.

著者

西野 貴裕 加藤 みか 下間 志正 北野 大

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.149-160, 2015-09-04 (Released:2016-03-18)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1

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We measured 13 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the groundwater in Tokyo. PFCs with nine carbons or fewer were frequently detected. PFOS and PFOA were detected at high concentrations, despite discharge reduction measures taken since 2010. Chromatograms of PFOS showed variations in the peak area ratio between linear-PFOS and branched-PFOS with the sampling points. To investigate the cause, leaching experiments were conducted for the 13 PFCs and branched-PFOS isomers. The results show that branched-PFOS penetrated the soil faster than linear-PFOS, and shorter chain PFCs faster than longer-chain PFCs. Long chain PFCs with more than 10 carbons were expected to remain in soil.

著者

小倉 光夫 河本 清高

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.4, pp.863-869, 2005-12-16 (Released:2010-05-31)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

5 5

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固体環境試料中の銀 (Ag) の正確で, 簡便な分析方法を検討した。固体試料1.00gをフッ化水素酸/硝酸/過塩素酸で分解して100mlの試験溶液を調製した。これを10ml分取し, (1+1) アンモニア水2mlを加えて30分間撹拌後水酸化物沈殿をろ別し, ろ液中のAgをICP質量分析法 (107Ag及び109Ag, 内標準法) で定量した。本法によって6種の環境標準試料 (土壌, 底質) 中のAgを分析したところ, いずれも保証値等と良く一致する結果が得られ, また107Ag及び109Agの分析値も互いに良く一致した。繰り返し分析精度は, 1.9~3.7%であった。神奈川県内の河川底質中のAg濃度は0.06~0.18μg/g (平均0.097μg/g) であった。

著者

古閑 豊和 高橋 浩司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.74-82, 2023 (Released:2023-08-30)

参考文献数

23

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We developed a novel mass spectrometric method using atmospheric pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (APGC/MS/MS) with nitrogen as the carrier gas to quantify simazine and thiobencarb under the regulatory environmental quality standards for water pollution. We modified the previous official method and optimized the sample preparation procedure using solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Our study demonstrated good recoveries for simazine and thiobencarb in all SPE cartridges, with the percentage recoveries ranging from 70% to 120%. Of the examined SPE cartridge, a marked measurement precision with the least variation was achieved on Smart-SPE PLS3-20 (PLS3) cartridge, which is packed with nitrogen-containing divinylbenzene methacrylate. Consequently, we selected the PLS3 SPE cartridge for the sample preparation in this method. Moreover, The method's detection and quantification limit values for simazine and thiobencarb in river and seawater samples were one order of magnitude lower than those of the environmental quality standard values. Furthermore, simazine and thiobencarb were identified and quantified with excellent separation, minimizing potential interferences.

著者

関根 嘉香 臼杵 英俊 宮城 圭輔 小座野 貴弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.113-119, 2010 (Released:2010-12-24)

参考文献数

22

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Secondary emission products generated through chemical reactions become a recent concern in relation to indoor air quality. We have focused on formic acid (HCOOH) whose generation mechanism in indoor air has been unknown. In this study, we examined influence of oxidant on the indoor air concentrations of HCOOH and emission process of HCOOH by both laboratory experiments and field measurements. Firstly, emission fluxes of HCHO and HCOOH from plywood were determined using a small bowl-type stainless chamber. The emission flux of HCOOH increased with those of HCHO under ambient air containing oxidant. While the oxidant was removed in the chamber, HCOOH significantly emitted with NO2 at the chamber outlet. We then concluded HCOOH is a product of the gas phase reaction between HCHO, NO2 and O3. Field measurements conducted at a newly-build detached house supported the conclusion as that indoor concentrations of HCOOH increased with an increase in concentrations of the oxidant introduced from outdoor by air ventilation.

著者

津田 泰三 居川 俊弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.4, pp.149-173, 2012 (Released:2013-06-20)

参考文献数

123

被引用文献数

4 1

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Concentrations of 10 perfluorinated compounds in water and fish from rivers and lakes in the world were reviewed from the surveys in the years of 1998-2011. A yearly decreasing tendency was recognized in the concentrations of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water from several rivers in Japan. The concentrations of PFOA in water from rivers and lakes in Japan had a tendency to be higher than those of PFOS but the concentration levels of both compounds were equal in Europe. Further, the concentrations of PFOS in water from rivers in Europe and North America were higher than those in Japan and Asia. Composition of the perfluorinated compounds was PFOA >> Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) ≧ Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) in water from rivers and lakes in Japan and PFOS ≧ PFOA in Asia, Europe and North America. Perfluorinated compounds with more carbon atoms were more highly accumulated in fish, and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of PFOS was lower than that of Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDDA) and nearly equal to that of Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA) or Perflurorodecanoic acid (PFDA). Each of the BCF data of the perfluorinated compounds by field survey data (Field BCF) was nearly in the same order as each of the BCF data by laboratory experimental data (Laboratory BCF). However, absolute values of the Field BCF had a tendency to be higher than those of the Laboratory BCF. To verify this tendency, it is necessary to accumulate additional data on Laboratory and Field BCF and to advance the research development in future on adding the uptake of the compounds via food for the uptake of the compounds via gill in the Field BCF values or on the differences of the environmental conditions.

著者

小田 淳子 宮川 雅充

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.4, pp.313-320, 2011 (Released:2012-12-05)

参考文献数

19

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In the present study, variations in daily PAH concentrations were investigated in relation to meteorological data and concentrations of other air pollutants in order to verify the effectiveness of the current estimation method. From January 2000 to March 2001, airborne particulates were collected at one site in Okayama, Japan, for 24 h on 7 days each month using a high-volume air sampler equipped with a quartz-fiber filter. The sampling site is in a rural area; however, because the Mizushima industrial zone is located about 15 km southwest of the sampling site and national highway 2 is located about 5 km north of the sampling site, the site usually has high PAH concentrations. From the 105 samples obtained at the sampling site, 23 kinds of PAHs were measured by the gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) method, and the daily concentrations of 16 out of the 23 kinds of PAHs in air were obtained. As a result, large differences in daily total PAH concentrations, which ranged from 0.69 to 83 ng/m3, were observed at the sampling site. This result suggested that the current estimation method was ineffective. For example, there is a possibility of higher health risks being overlooked if the PAH concentrations are not measured on days on which the concentrations are high. Investigations of the relationship between PAH concentration and meteorological data such as wind direction and wind velocity revealed that the PAH concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with the number of hours per day of southwest wind and that the PAH concentrations were significantly and negatively correlated with the average wind velocity. This result implies that the PAH concentrations in air will be influenced by the Mizushima industrial zone, and that the PAH concentrations will be high on days experiencing southwest wind and low wind velocity at the sampling site.

著者

竹峰 秀祐 高田 光康 山本 勝也 松村 千里 藤森 一男 渡辺 信久 中野 武 近藤 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.55-60, 2013 (Released:2013-09-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 2

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In this study, an analytical method for perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in granular activated carbon (GAC) was investigated. The investigation of analysis was conducted by using GAC which adsorbed PFCs from artificial waste water containing PFCs of known amount. As results, it was confirmed that Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method using acetone as the solvent was appropriate for the extraction of PFCs in GAC.PFCs in used GAC samples, regenerated GAC samples, and a new GAC sample were analyzed by using the investigated method. The concentration of PFCs in the regenerated GAC was decreased by more than 99.9% compared with the used one. PFCs in GAC may transform and/or desorb at regeneration processes.

著者

西野 貴裕 上野 孝司 高橋 明宏 高澤 嘉一 柴田 康行 仲摩 翔太 北野 大

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.177-186, 2013 (Released:2014-06-20)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2 1

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13 kind of Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the mainstream of Tamagawa River and its inflows (tributaries, and effluents from Sewage Treatment Plants) were analyzed, and the loads of PFOS, PFOA and other 4 compounds were evaluated. The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were found to be much lower than those of 2005 since 2009. This result indicates that the Stockholm Convention on Persisitent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and 2010/2015 PFOA Stewardship Program are effective. The cumulative load of PFCs that was accumulated in the inflows sequentially from Nagata Bridge, as the uppermost point in this study, closely resembled the measured load at each sampling point in Tamagawa River. These results indicate that PFCs were scarcely degraded, volatilized, during flow down the river. The ratio of PFCs with longer chain length such as PFUnDA and PFTrDA in sediment samples were much higher than those of water ones.

著者

高岡 路枝 吉永 淳 田中 敦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.629-634, 2007-12-18 (Released:2008-10-24)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2 1

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The concentrations of heavy metals (V, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ba, in addition to Pb which was reported elsewhere) in surface soil samples collected from 31 public playgrounds in a ward in Tokyo were determined by ICP mass spectrometry after HNO3/HF/HClO4 digestion. Mean concentrations of all metals but Ba exceeded the levels of uncontaminated soils in Japan reported in the previous literature indicating the presence of soil pollution. The exposure to V via direct soil ingestion was estimated to contribute more than that via dietary intake; however, it was not serious enough to warrant immediate attention. For other metals, dietary exposure accounted much more than soil ingestion. There were strong positive correlations between metal concentrations in the soil samples, particularly between V and Mn (r=0.97), V and Co (r=0.95), Pb and Cu (r=0.75), or Pb and Zn (r=0.84). These correlations suggested that the metals, to a certain extent, shared common pollution source.

著者

西野 貴裕 加藤 みか 宮沢 佳隆 東條 俊樹 市原 真紀子 浅川 大地 松村 千里 羽賀 雄紀 吉識 亮介 長谷川 瞳 宮脇 崇 高橋 浩司 片宗 千春 下間 志正

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.37-56, 2020 (Released:2020-02-19)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

1 1

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Quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in three environmental medias (air, water, and sediment) were carried out via a network of regional environmental research institutes in five large cities (Tokyo, Nagoya, Hyogo, Osaka, and Fukuoka) in Japan. The study took place from FY2016 to FY2018 as a part of a risk assessment for aquatic organisms. Analysis data of water samples from the five cities were carried out at the Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection. The risk assessment for aquatic organisms was carried out by comparing the sample data with the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) gathered from various sources. Concentration levels of five chemicals (clarithromycin, erythromycin, diclofenac, carbamazepine, and triclosan) exceeded the PNECs in several water samples. Concentrations of antibiotics, such as clarithromycin, and antihistamines, such as fexofenadine, tended to be higher during January to February than during June to August. In contrast, concentrations of insect repellents such as N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) tended to be higher during June to August than during January to February. The discharge sources of these chemicals would be effluents from plants, such as sewage treatment plants, that were not completely treated. Estimated PPCPs loads accumulated by inflow data of Tamagawa river were compared with measured load value in this study. For some of these chemicals, such as fexofenadine and diclofenac, estimated loads did not coincide with measured loads at sampling points along the Tamagawa River. These differences were thought to occur as the consumption of fexofenadine increased rapidly during the research period, and diclofenac photodegraded while flowing down the river.

著者

小栗 朋子 片岡 修治 鈴木 剛 吉永 淳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.9-15, 2016-12-15 (Released:2017-09-27)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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Lead is a neurotoxin and it has a significant adverse effect on the neurobehavioral development of children due to a low-level exposure. In order to see if lead-containing household products are present in the indoor environment in Japan, various products (n=250) were analyzed for total lead concentration with an X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Lead was detected in 18 of 250 samples at the concentration 0.019 to 14%. It was found that lead was contained in paints and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) covering of the products. Two samples with painted surface had concentrations of lead exceeding 0.06% in the paint, the regulatory limit set by the Japan Paint Manufacturers Association. Eight samples with PVC covering (e.g. extension cord, supply cable) had more lead concentrations than the tolerable maximum concentration value of the RoHS directive in 2006 (0.1%). These products were produced outside Japan, or produced before execution of the RoHS directive. Bioaccessibility of lead in the products was relatively low, ranging from 0.43 to 4.6%. Daily bioaccessible lead intake of a child via the ingestion of fragments of such products was estimated to range from 0.21 to 90 µg/day, and total daily bioaccessible lead intake including contributions from other media (e.g. diet and soil) was estimated to be 4.7 to 94 µg/day. Blood lead concentration of a child, who ingests this amount of bioaccessible lead, was estimated to be 0.75 to 15 µg/dL based on a model formula of the EPA. The result suggested that products with extremely high lead concentration can pose health risk to children via the ingestion of house dust contaminated with fragments of surface covering of such products.

著者

山下 正純 戸井田 秀基 本田 克久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.4, pp.537-541, 2009 (Released:2010-06-25)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1 1

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In this study, we examined the utilization of washing by ultrasonic waves for reduction of four pesticide residues on surface of strawberry and grape in order to reduce a risk on pesticide residues to consumer. The removal rates was high in the order of acetamiprid, diethofencarb, chlorfenapyr and pyridalyl according to solubility in water. In particular, it was found that appending powderly activated carbon in proper quantity was effective on improvement of removal rate of pyridalyl which is water-insoluble.

著者

高橋 保雄 森田 昌敏

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 : journal of environmental chemistry (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.3, pp.495-506, 1997-09-01

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

5 2

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水道水中のハロゲン化消毒副生成物31種類を同定確認した。そこで, ハロゲン化消毒副生成物31種類と標準品が入手できたハロプロピオン酸3種類, 合計34物質のGC/ECDによる多成分系統分析法を確立することにした。そして, キャピラリーカラムGC条件, 抽出溶媒, pH値, 塩濃度について検討した。<BR>試料水中の残留塩素をアスコルビン酸で除去後, 硫酸または水酸化ナトリウムでpH値を6.0以下にし, さらに塩化ナトリウムで過飽和にして塩析した。ヘキサン抽出 (10ml×2) し, その後水溶液を硫酸で強酸性にして, MTBE抽出 (2.5ml×2+10ml) で, 両抽出液にハロゲン化消毒副生成物を抽出した。<BR>その内, 両抽出液に抽出された揮発性ハロゲン化消毒副生成物をキャピラリーカラムGC/ECDで定量した。またMTBE抽出液に抽出された不揮発性消毒副生成物はジアゾメタンでメチル化後, キャピラリーカラムGC/ECDで定量した。<BR>この分析法の回収率はクロロアセトアルデヒド以外の揮発性ハロゲン化消毒副生成物では75.6~118.0%であり, 不揮発性ハロゲン化消毒副生成物では79.6~142.0%であった。定量下限値はクロロアセトアルデヒドで0.2μg/l, それ以外の揮発性ハロゲン化消毒副生成物で0.1μg/lであった。またクロロ酢酸・α-クロロプロピオン酸で0.3μg/l, ジブロモクロロ酢酸で0.5μg/l, トリブロモ酢酸で0.7μg/l, それ以外の不揮発性ハロゲン化消毒副生成物で0.1μg/lであった。また変動係数は揮発性ハロゲン化消毒副生成物では3%以下, ジブロモクロロ酢酸では10%, トリブロモ酢酸では22%, それ以外の不揮発性ハロゲン化消毒副生成物では約5%であった。

著者

遠藤 智司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.145-150, 2020 (Released:2020-12-08)

参考文献数

7

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"What solvent should I use?" This is a question environmental chemical researchers and practitioners often ask themselves in the laboratory. This article presents basic concepts of solvent selection, grounded in understanding of intermolecular interactions between solvent and solute molecules.

著者

加藤 雄一 町田 基 立本 英機

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.3, pp.387-394, 2007-09-25 (Released:2008-10-24)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

10 11

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Influence of solvent and surface functional groups of adsorbents on the adsorption of dissolved aromatics onto activated carbons was examined using batch experiments at room temperature. Phenol and nitrobenzene were employed as aromatics adsorbates, water and hexane were used as solvents, and oxidized and out-gassed activated carbons were prepared as adsorbents. The oxidation of adsorbent was carried out by warming the carbon in nitric acid to introduce oxygen functional groups, and the out-gassed carbon was obtained by heating the oxidized carbon at 1273 K in helium flow to make oxygen free surface without altering the textural structure. Comparing the adsorption isotherms, the out-gassed activated carbon exhibited higher adsorption capacity than the oxidized counterpart in the aqueous solution, whereas the opposite results were obtained in case of the hexane solution. Though significant decrease in adsorption amount of nitrobenzene was observed switching from aqueous to hexane solution, it was not observed in the phenol adsorption. Based on the experimental results, not only adsorbate-adsorbent interaction but also adsorbent-solvent and adsorbate-solvent interactions were found to play important roles for the aromatics adsorption onto the activated carbons.