著者

菊地 利夫

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3, pp.184-197,280, 1952-07-30 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

24

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This study deals with the Shinden developed on the sand-bar at the lower Tone about 350 years ago. The author tried to illustrate the three items as follows, (1) the political-geographical meaning of this Shindien, (2) characteristics of the Shinden developed on the sand-bar of the river influenced by the river (3) the structuce of the village and the process of its disorganization.(1) The Tokugawa Clan permitted the hermits to develop the Shinden on the sand-bar of the lower Tone, the boundary with the territory of the Satake Clan. They were a group of the defeated Samurai (Japanese knights) who had fled to the Tokugawa Clan, losing their lands in the Satake Clan. The Tokugawa Clan made use of them for the match of the boundary, betwen the territory of the clan and that of the Satake Clan. Therefore, the Tokugawa sustained the Jurokushima Shinden when a dispute arose betwen the Tokugawa Clan and the Satake Clan.(2) The Jurokushima Shinden was developed to be fit for the characteristics of the Tone. As the Tone was influenced by the tide, in the rice-field developed on the sand-bar natural irrigation and drainage perfomed in accordance with flow and ebb. At first only the village was surrounded by the bank to provide against the flood but later the Tone overflowed its banks so often that the banks were built around not only the villages but also the arable lands, and water flowed in and out through the sluices.(3) As it was difficult to call for the new settlers, the structure of the village in the Shinden contracted for by the trademen. A hermit owned the arable land for 5 or 6 persons, which was distributed generally among some new settlers. According to this proportions in dividing lands, grass for manure were also allotted. But as the system of owning lands fell in disorder, this proportions came to de disregarded. And, it was poor peasants who required the change of the proprtions in distribution. The more often floods happened, and the more difficult life became, the more eagerly this claim was repeated. Thus, the proportions in distributing lands or daily necessities could be changed, and yet poor peasants had to cultivate the hermits lands in the system of statute labour as before.