著者
小室 直樹
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.1, pp.6-22,134, 1969-07-30 (Released:2009-11-11)
参考文献数
2

The purposes of this papar are to clarify the theoretical structure and methodological meaning of the functional analysis and lay a foundation for a systematic reconstruction of key terms of this analysis.In this paper, the functional analysis is understood as a kind of system analysis (interaction analysis) which uses a teleological way of reasoning for the explanation of the working mechanism of interaction processes. Then our problems are two. (1) To construct a coherent theory of the system analysis (2) To find a scientific meaning in the teleological way of explanation which has been notorious for its theological characteristics.(1) The key concept of the interaction analysis is that of the “equilibrium”. This concept is first imported from physics into social sciences and mostly explored in economic theory. The equilibrium concept in sociology should be somewhat wider than that in economics. Our first task is, therefore, to discuss how in what sense it is wider than its counterpart in economics. We also discuss about the sociological meaning of the existence theorem and stability condition of the system analysis in sociology.(2) We replace the notorious concept of “teleology” by a cybernetical way of explanation. The functional analysis is a kind of cybernetics which set a assumption that the social structure is forced to change if functional requisites are not significantly satisfied.This interpretation of the functional analysis also pave a way to the theory of social change. Functional requisites are not supposed to be axiomatically satisfied and the dissatisfaction of some functional requisites will necessarily leads to a dissolution of the social structure. This is the essential way of thinking of social change in terms of the functional analysis. We also show a way to a functional theory of conflict using the cybernetical way of reasoning.

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