著者
WHITE P. J.
雑誌
Ann Bot
巻号頁・発行日
vol.92, pp.487-511, 2003
被引用文献数
9 1455
著者
Ishida T
出版者
IEEE COMPUTER SOC
雑誌
COMPUTER (ISSN:00189162)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.11, pp.42-47, 2002-11
被引用文献数
16 82
著者
CODATA-ICSTI Task Group on Data Citation Standards and Practices
出版者
CODATA
雑誌
Data Science Journal (ISSN:16831470)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.CIDCR1-CIDCR75, 2013 (Released:2013-09-13)
参考文献数
185
被引用文献数
56

The use of published digital data, like the use of digitally published literature, depends upon the ability to identify, authenticate, locate, access, and interpret them. Data citations provide necessary support for these functions, as well as other functions such as attribution of credit and establishment of provenance. References to data, however, present challenges not encountered in references to literature. For example, how can one specify a particular subset of data in the absence of familiar conventions such as page numbers or chapters? The traditions and good practices for maintaining the scholarly record by proper references to a work are well established and understood in regard to journal articles and other literature, but attributing credit by bibliographic references to data are not yet so broadly implemented. This report discusses the current state of data citation practices, its supporting infrastructure, a set of guiding principles for implementing data citation, challenges to implementation of good data citation practices, and open research questions.
著者
Yoshizawa Kazunori Ferreira Rodrigo L. Kamimura Yoshitaka Lienhard Charles
出版者
Elsevier
雑誌
Current Biology (ISSN:09609822)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.9, pp.1006-1010, 2014-05
被引用文献数
55

Sex-specific elaborations are common in animals and have attracted the attention of many biologists, including Darwin [1]. It is accepted that sexual selection promotes the evolution of sex-specific elaborations. Due to the faster replenishment rate of gametes, males generally have higher potential reproductive and optimal mating rates than females. Therefore, sexual selection acts strongly on males [2], leading to the rapid evolution and diversification of male genitalia [3]. Male genitalia are sometimes used as devices for coercive holding of females as a result of sexual conflict over mating [4 and 5]. In contrast, female genitalia are usually simple. Here we report the reversal of intromittent organs in the insect genus Neotrogla (Psocodea: Prionoglarididae) from Brazilian caves. Females have a highly elaborate, penis-like structure, the gynosome, while males lack an intromittent organ. The gynosome has species-specific elaborations, such as numerous spines that fit species-specific pouches in the simple male genital chamber. During prolonged copulation (∼40–70 hr), a large and potentially nutritious ejaculate is transferred from the male via the gynosome. The correlated genital evolution in Neotrogla is probably driven by reversed sexual selection with females competing for seminal gifts. Nothing similar is known among sex-role reversed animals.
著者
星野 崇宏 繁桝 算男
出版者
日本行動計量学会
雑誌
行動計量学 (ISSN:03855481)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.1, pp.43-61, 2004 (Released:2005-12-02)
参考文献数
72
被引用文献数
8 8 16

In behavioral sciences, it is often difficult to execute an experimental study with random assignment. Therefore researchers usually do a quasi-experiment or a survey study without random assignment.However, under these studies the distributions of the covariates that would affect dependent variables usually differ with the values of the independent variables.To eliminate the influence of the covariates, various adjustment methods such as analysis of covariance have been applied to these data.Recently new adjustment methods using the propensity score proposed by Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983) have been applied to many researches especially in the areas of medicine or economics, and these methods also attract attention in behavioral sciences.The propensity score methods are also used for adjustment of survey data.In this paper, we give a detailed explanation of several estimation methods of causal effect using the propensity scores and related topics.We also review adjustment methods of biased survey data using the propensity scores.
著者
東 康之
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬理学会
雑誌
日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.144, no.4, pp.160-166, 2014 (Released:2014-10-10)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
2

自己免疫疾患の治療や臓器移植における拒絶反応の抑制のためには,免疫抑制薬が治療に用いられる.免疫抑制薬には古くから多様な作用メカニズムの薬剤が存在し臨床応用されているが,近年,特定の分子を標的とした分子標的薬が多く開発されている.中でも免疫反応に関与する重要な分子群の一種であるサイトカインの抑制は特に関節リウマチにおいて有効な治療戦略として定着しており,TNF-αやIL- 6 受容体に対するモノクローナル抗体が臨床において広く用いられている.近年,サイトカイン刺激による細胞内シグナルを特異的に抑制する低分子キナーゼ阻害薬であるトファシチニブが承認され,抗体とは異なる経口投与可能な低分子の分子標的薬の可能性が注目されている.トファシチニブはサイトカイン刺激の直下にあるヤヌスキナーゼ(JAK)を阻害することにより,転写因子のリン酸化が抑制され,関連する遺伝子の発現を制御するが,細胞内リン酸化タンパク質の検出技術の進歩により,この細胞内のリン酸化抑制の過程をモニターすることが可能となった.このことによりJAK 阻害薬の作用をより詳細に解析することができるようになっただけでなく,薬物を投与された生体におけるJAK阻害反応をいわゆるpharmacodynamics(PD)として追跡することが可能となった.本総説において,免疫抑制薬の現状を振り返りつつ,分子標的薬としてのJAK 阻害薬の可能性について概説したい.
著者
酒井 政裕 今井 健男
出版者
日本ソフトウェア科学会
雑誌
コンピュータ ソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.1, pp.1_103-1_119, 2015-01-26 (Released:2015-02-11)

SAT問題は,命題論理式の充足可能性問題,すなわち命題変数を含む論理式に対し,その論理式を真にするような命題変数への値の割り当てが存在するかを決定する問題である.SATは古典的なNP完全問題であり,計算量的には難しい問題であるものの,近年のアルゴリズムの改良とハードウェアの進化によって著しい高性能化が実現された結果として,様々な分野への応用が行われている.本稿ではSATにまつわる研究で現在活発な領域として,関連する問題クラスへの応用やそれにまつわる研究分野との間の交流について,調査し,紹介する.
著者
SHUKUO KINOSHITA SHIGEZO UDAKA MASAKAZU SHIMONO
出版者
公益財団法人 応用微生物学・分子細胞生物学研究奨励会
雑誌
The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology (ISSN:00221260)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, no.3, pp.193-205, 1957 (Released:2006-08-11)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
78 408

1. Screening tests for glutamate producing strains were carried out, with the media containing carbohydrate and ammonia source as chief ingredients. Glutamate as well as certain other amino acids was detected by paper chromatography in culture broth of many microorganisms tested.2. Accumulation of L-glutamate in a significant amount (at least a few mg of glutamate per ml of broth) has been demonstrated by various strains of bacteria, streptomycetes, yeasts, and fungi. The highest level of glutamate production has been obtained by a new species of Micrococcus, yielding as much as 0.25 mole of it from one mole of glucose.3. The courses of fermentations mainly by known strains of microorganisms are shown. The importances of the cultural condition and strain specificity for the production of amino acids are briefly described.
著者
Peter Fox Ray Harris
出版者
CODATA
雑誌
Data Science Journal (ISSN:16831470)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.WDS1-WDS12, 2013 (Released:2013-02-10)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
1

The International Council for Science (ICSU) vision explicitly recognises the value of data and information to science and particularly emphasises the urgent requirement for universal and equitable access to high quality scientific data and information. A universal public domain for scientific data and information will be transformative for both science and society. Over the last several years, two ad-hoc ICSU committees, the Strategic Committee on Information and Data (SCID) and the Strategic Coordinating Committee on Information and Data (SCCID), produced key reports that make 5 and 14 recommendations respectively aimed at improving universal and equitable access to data and information for science and providing direction for key international scientific bodies, such as the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) as well as a newly ratified (by ICSU in 2008) formation of the World Data System. This contribution outlines the framing context for both committees based on the changed world scene for scientific data conduct in the 21st century. We include details on the relevant recommendations and important consequences for the worldwide community of data providers and consumers, ultimately leading to a conclusion, and avenues for advancement that must be carried to the many thousands of data scientists world-wide.
著者
Teeraporn Tupimai Punnee Peungsuwan Jitlada Prasertnoo Juinichiro Yamauchi
出版者
The Society of Physical Therapy Science
雑誌
Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.1, pp.7-13, 2016 (Released:2016-01-30)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
5 30

[Purpose] This study evaluated the immediate and short-term effects of a combination of prolonged passive muscle stretching (PMS) and whole body vibration (WBV) on the spasticity, strength and balance of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. [Subjects and Methods] A randomized two-period crossover trial was designed. Twelve subjects with cerebral palsy aged 10.6 ± 2.4 years received both PMS alone as a control group (CG) and a combination of PMS and WBV as an experimental group (EG). After random allocation to the trial schedules of either EG-CG or CG-EG, CG received prolonged PMS while standing on a tilt-table for 40 minutes/day, and EG received prolonged PMS for 30 minutes, followed by 10 minutes WBV. Both CG and EG received the treatment 5 days/week for 6 weeks. [Results] Immediately after one treatment, EG resulted in better improvement in scores on the Modified Ashworth Scale than CG. After the 6-week intervention, EG also showed significantly decreased scores on the Modified Ashworth Scale compared to CG. Both CG and EG showed significantly reduced the performance times in the five times sit to stand test, and EG also showed significantly increased scores on the pediatric balance scale. [Conclusion] This study showed that 6 weeks of combined prolonged PMS and WBV had beneficial effects on the spasticity, muscle strength and balance of children and adolescents with CP.
著者
Tetsushi HIRANO Shogo YANAI Takuya OMOTEHARA Rie HASHIMOTO Yuria UMEMURA Naoto KUBOTA Kiichi MINAMI Daichi NAGAHARA Eiko MATSUO Yoshiko AIHARA Ryota SHINOHARA Tomoyuki FURUYASHIKI Youhei MANTANI Toshifumi YOKOYAMA Hiroshi KITAGAWA Nobuhiko HOSHI
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, no.10, pp.1207-1215, 2015 (Released:2015-11-05)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
7 60

Neonicotinoids, some of the most widely used pesticides in the world, act as agonists to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of insects, resulting in death from abnormal excitability. Neonicotinoids unexpectedly became a major topic as a compelling cause of honeybee colony collapse disorder, which is damaging crop production that requires pollination worldwide. Mammal nAChRs appear to have a certain affinity for neonicotinoids with lower levels than those of insects; there is thus rising concern about unpredictable adverse effects of neonicotinoids on vertebrates. We hypothesized that the effects of neonicotinoids would be enhanced under a chronic stressed condition, which is known to alter the expression of targets of neonicotinoids, i.e., neuronal nAChRs. We performed immunohistochemical and behavioral analyses in male mice actively administered a neonicotinoid, clothianidin (CTD; 0, 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg/day), for 4 weeks under an unpredictable chronic stress procedure. Vacuolated seminiferous epithelia and a decrease in the immunoreactivity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 were observed in the testes of the CTD+stress mice. In an open field test, although the locomotor activities were not affected, the anxiety-like behaviors of the mice were elevated by both CTD and stress. The present study demonstrates that the behavioral and reproductive effects of CTD become more serious in combination with environmental stress, which may reflect our actual situation of multiple exposure.
著者
玉川 奨 桜井 慎弥 手島 拓也 森田 武史 和泉 憲明 山口 高平
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.5, pp.623-636, 2010 (Released:2010-08-17)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
4 3

Here is discussed how to learn a large scale of ontology from Japanese Wikipedia. The learned ontology includes the following properties: rdfs:subClassOf (IS-A relationship), rdf:type (class-instance relationship), owl:Object/DatatypeProperty (Infobox triple), rdfs:domain (property domain), and skos:altLabel (synonym). Experimental case studies show us that the learned Japanese Wikipedia Ontology goes better than already existing general linguistic ontologies, such as EDR and Japanese WordNet, from the points of building costs and structure information richness.
著者
三好 健文
出版者
日本ソフトウェア科学会
雑誌
コンピュータ ソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.1, pp.1_76-1_84, 2013-01-25 (Released:2013-03-25)

FPGAの大規模化に伴い,より複雑な処理がFPGAに実装できるようになり,プログラムの実行プラットフォームとしてもFPGAは注目されている.しかしながら,広く普及しているRTL言語で複雑なアルゴリズムが必要なアプリケーションを設計するのは困難である.そのため,高い抽象度でハードウェアモジュールを設計可能にする高位合成言語とその処理系の研究がすすめられている.高位合成言語には,ハードウェア開発のコストを削減すること,動作検証にかかるコストを削減すること,および,FPGAを活用して,FPGAならではの性能を引き出すことが求められる.本論文では,これまでに提案されてきた高位合成言語と処理系を整理する.
著者
YOSHIDA Mayumi KIKUCHI Maki NAGAO Takashi M. MURAKAMI Hiroshi NOMAKI Tomoyuki HIGURASHI Akiko
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2018-039, (Released:2018-04-15)
被引用文献数
117

We develop a common retrieval algorithm of aerosol properties such as aerosol optical thickness, single-scattering albedo, and Ångström exponent for various satellite sensors over both land and ocean. The three main features of this algorithm are as follows: (1) automatic selection of the optimum channels for aerosol retrieval by introducing a weight for each channel to the object function, (2) setting common candidate aerosol models over land and ocean, and (3) preparation of lookup tables for every 1 nm in the range from 300 to 2500 nm of wavelength and weighting the radiance using the response function for each sensor. This method was applied to the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) on board the Japan Meteorological Agency’s geostationary satellite Himawari-8, and the results depicted an approximately continuous estimate of aerosol optical thickness over land and ocean. Further, the aerosol optical thickness estimated using our algorithm was generally consistent with the products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). Additionally, we applied our algorithm to MODIS on board the Aqua satellite and then compared the retrieval results to those that were obtained using AHI. The comparisons of the aerosol optical thickness retrieved from different sensors with different viewing angles on board the geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites suggest an underestimation of aerosol optical thickness at the backscattering direction (or overestimated in other directions). The retrieval of aerosol properties using a common algorithm allows us to identify a weakness in the algorithm, which includes the assumptions in the aerosol model (e.g. sphericity or size distiribution).
著者
Matsuda Yoshi-Taka Okamoto Yoko Ida Misako Okanoya Kazuo Myowa-Yamakoshi Masako
出版者
Royal Society Publishing
雑誌
Biology Letters (ISSN:17449561)
巻号頁・発行日
2012-06-13
被引用文献数
29

母親と他人の狭間 : 赤ちゃんが示す「不気味の谷」現象を発見.京都大学プレスリリース.2012-06-13.
著者
Tanaka Akira Imai Hideyuki Miyakoshi Masaaki
出版者
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
雑誌
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (ISSN:1053587X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.7, pp.3569-3577, 2010-07
被引用文献数
14

A perfect reconstruction of functions in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space from a given set of sampling points is discussed. A necessary and sufficient condition for the corresponding reproducing kernel and the given set of sampling points to perfectly recover the functions is obtained in this paper. The key idea of our work is adopting the reproducing kernel Hilbert space corresponding to the Gramian matrix of the kernel and the given set of sampling points as the range space of a sampling operator and considering the orthogonal projector, defined via the range space, onto the closed linear subspace spanned by the kernel functions corresponding to the given sampling points. We also give an error analysis of a reconstructed function by incomplete sampling points.
著者
Susumu Ohtsuka Kazuhiko Koike Dhugal Lindsay Jun Nishikawa Hiroshi Miyake Masato Kawahara Nova Mujiono Juro Hiromi Hironori Komatsu
出版者
The Plankton Society of Japan, The Japanese Association of Benthology
雑誌
Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.1, pp.1-13, 2009-02-25 (Released:2009-04-20)
参考文献数
91
被引用文献数
45 53

Since marine medusae and ctenophores harbor a wide variety of symbionts, from protists to fish, they constitute a unique community in pelagic ecosystems. Their symbiotic relationships broadly range from simple, facultative phoresy through parasitisim to complex mutualism, although it is sometimes difficult to define these associations strictly. Phoresy and/or commensalism are found in symbionts such as pycnogonids, decapod larvae and fish juveniles. Parasitism and/or parasitoidism are common in the following symbionts: dinoflagellates, ciliates, anthozoan larvae, pedunculate barnacles, anuropid isopods, and hyperiid amphipods. Mutualism is established between ctenophores and gymnamoebae, and between rhizostome medusae and endosymbiotic dinoflagellates. More information on symbiotic apostome ciliates, anthozoan larvae and hyperiid amphipods is definitely needed for further studies in consideration of their high prevalence and serious damage they can inflict on their hosts. The present paper briefly reviews previously published data on symbionts on these gelatinous predators and introduces new information in the form of our unpublished data.
著者
Masataka N. Shibasaki M.
出版者
Nature Publishing Group
雑誌
Scientific Reports
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, 2012-03-08
被引用文献数
24 5

女性は生理が近づくとなぜ憂鬱になるのか?. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2012-03-08.
著者
Sho TSUGAWA
出版者
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
雑誌
IEICE Transactions on Communications (ISSN:09168516)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2017EBI0003, (Released:2018-02-21)
被引用文献数
13

Socially aware networking is an emerging research field that aims to improve the current networking technologies and realize novel network services by applying social network analysis (SNA) techniques. Conducting socially aware networking studies requires knowledge of both SNA and communication networking, but it is not easy for communication networking researchers who are unfamiliar with SNA to obtain comprehensive knowledge of SNA due to its interdisciplinary nature. This paper therefore aims to fill the knowledge gap for networking researchers who are interested in socially aware networking but are not familiar with SNA. This paper surveys three types of important SNA techniques for socially aware networking: identification of influential nodes, link prediction, and community detection. Then, this paper introduces how SNA techniques are used in socially aware networking and discusses research trends in socially aware networking.