著者
七原 俊也
出版者
一般社団法人 電気学会
雑誌
電気学会論文誌B(電力・エネルギー部門誌) (ISSN:03854213)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.129, no.5, pp.645-652, 2009-05-01 (Released:2009-05-01)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
7 13

Wind power provokes increasing concerns on its impacts on a power system as many wind power generators have been integrated to a power system. One of the concerns is a challenge to keep supply-and-demand balance in a power system.Battery energy storage systems (BESS) installed at a wind farm are considered as a promising option for the challenge. Two types of operation strategies were proposed for its operation: fluctuation mitigation and scheduled output types. On the other hand, in order to constitute an economical BESS, selecting battery size as small as possible is vital. However, for the scheduled output operation, no study has been published both on the required battery size and on a methodology to examine the size.This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the required kWh capacity of battery for the scheduled output operation using accumulated prediction error of a wind farm. The methodology evaluates a standard deviation of accumulated prediction error with autocovariance functions of prediction error. Based upon the statistical characteristics obtained for actual prediction error of wind power, the paper presents results of a sample study to show the effectiveness of the methodology.
著者
Motohisa Suzuki Mayumi Suzuki Kazunori Sato Sekiko Dohi Takashi Sato Akihiro Matsuura Atsushi Hiraide
出版者
The Japanese Pharmacological Society
雑誌
The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology (ISSN:00215198)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.87, no.2, pp.143-150, 2001 (Released:2001-11-05)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
76 119

Although improving energy metabolism in ischemic brain has been accepted for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, administration of glucose, as an energy substrate, would aggravate ischemic brain damage via activating anaerobic glycolysis, which leads to lactate accumulation. β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is one of the ketone bodies that can be utilized as an energy source during starvation. The purpose of our study was to define the protective effects of BHB on brain damage induced by hypoxia, anoxia and ischemia. The isotonic solution of BHB administered 30 min before the induction of ischemia at doses over 50 mg · k g −1 · h −1 showed remarkable protective effects against hypoxia and anoxia. BHB administered immediately after a bilateral carotid artery ligation at a dose of 30 mg · kg−1 · h −1 significantly suppressed the elevation of cerebral water and sodium contents as well as maintaining high ATP and low lactate levels. In contrast, glycerin, a hypertonic agent, substantially reduced the water content but did not show any significant effect on other parameters. We demonstrated that BHB, unlike glycerin, when used as an energy substrate in ischemic brain, has protective effects on cerebral hypoxia, anoxia and ischemia-induced metabolic change.
著者
栃折 泰史 大谷 淳 江畑 勝
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. IE, 画像工学 (ISSN:09135685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.109, no.469, pp.1-6, 2010-03-08
参考文献数
2

本論文では,パン・ティルト・カメラから獲得された動画像における各フレームでのカメラの姿勢(回転パラメータ)を推定する手法を提案する.特に,撮像対象シーンに動物体を含む場合への対処法を検討する.まず検出・追跡した2つの特徴点を,カメラの光学中心を中心,焦点距離を半径とした仮想球体上に投影を行い,仮想球体上の特徴点2個と光軸と仮想球の交点が作る三角形の合同を利用して,回転パラメータを推定する.動物体を含む撮像シーンにおいてもロバストに推定するために,特徴点が物理空間上で静止物体・動物体のいずれかに対応しているかの識別を,特徴点2点間の距離がパン・ティルト後も等距離を保つかどうかを判断することにより行う.本論文では提案手法についてシミュレーションと実画像を対象とする実験を行い,その有効性を検証する.
著者
仁平 義明
出版者
東北大学
雑誌
一般研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
1991

1)急速反復書字によるスリップの発生メカニズム特に書字速度を独立要因とした実験結果から、急速反復書字によってスリップが発生する原因は、次のようなものから構成されることが明らかになった:(1)急速な書字では、活性化された書字運動プログラムのうちトリガ-すべき運動記憶の選択機構が障害される。(2)活性化された不適切な運動記憶の抑制機構も急速という条件によって同時に障害される。(3)運動記憶のネットワ-クを通じて不適切な運動記憶に波及した活性化の水準が時間的加重によって高進する。従ってトリガ-されやすくなる。(4)反復は自動的なトリガ-部分だけをくりかえすことになるため、選択機構の機能低下が生じる。2)スリップがあらわれるときの書字時間インタ-バルは短縮される傾向があり、「わりこみトリガリング」によってスリップが生じることが示唆された。3)ネットワ-ク内の活性化の波及・活性化は書字対象の文字とリンクしている単一の文字だけではなく、ネットワ-ク全体に波及することがスリップの出現様式から分かる。ネットワ-ク内の書字運動記憶には、このようにきわめて密接なリンクがある。4)文字の運動記憶は、単純なネットワ-ク構造になっているのではなく、文字のための違った種類の運動記憶からなる重層的なネットワ-クを形成している。
著者
Chiaki KOBAYASHI Kiyotaka SHIBATA
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.89, no.4, pp.363-376, 2011-08-25 (Released:2011-08-31)
参考文献数
35
被引用文献数
1 4

Dynamical contributions to past long-term changes in the lower stratospheric ozone over the northern mid-latitudes are evaluated using a chemical transport model (CTM) forced by the horizontal wind of the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25). Two simulations (i.e., one is a simulation that prescribes the time-dependent vertical profile of halogens and the other is a simulation which uses the fixed vertical profile of halogens at 1979.) were conducted to estimate chemical and dynamical contributions to the long-term changes in stratospheric ozone during the last three decades. Different from previous similar studies using meteorological data of ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Weather Forecast) 40-year re-analysis (ERA-40), our current simulation does not show a large positive anomaly of simulated total ozone over northern mid-latitudes in the late 1980s, which is consistent with the observation. Because the trend of the fixed halogen simulation amounts to about two-third of that of the time-dependent halogen simulation during 1980–1993 in the northern mid-latitudes, it is evaluated that about two-thirds of the negative trend in total ozone comes from dynamics in the northern mid-latitudes. Since the increasing ozone from 1994 to 1998 is also represented in the fixed halogen simulation, it is considered that the increase of ozone was mainly due to dynamics as pointed out in previous studies. However the dynamical contribution to the trend after 1994 could not be evaluated in our simulation because of simulated ozone gap in 1998. In the same manner, it is evaluated that about two-thirds of the negative ozone trend in the lower stratosphere comes from dynamics in the northern mid-latitudes from 1980 to the mid-1990s. The simulation results indicate that the effect of transport (dynamical influence) is predominant for the negative ozone trend in the lower stratosphere from 1980 to mid-1990s, while the upper stratospheric ozone trend is strongly influenced by long-term changes in halogens (chemical influence).