著者
清水 諭
出版者
日本スポーツ社会学会
雑誌
スポーツ社会学研究 (ISSN:09192751)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.24-35,131, 2001-03-21 (Released:2011-05-30)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
4 1

本論文の目的は、この国のサポーターカルチャーズ研究に向けてのパースペクティヴを導き出すことである。まず、英国で行われてきたフーリガニズム研究について、レスター学派、テイラーの研究を批判的にレヴユーしている。そして、1990年代におけるフーリガンの変容をふまえたポピュラーカルチャーズ研究として、ジュリアノッティとレッドヘッドの研究を検討している。本論文では、これらの研究を基盤にしながらも、この国におけるサポーターの現実との往復運動によって研究を進めていくことが重要だと考える。浦和レッズサポーターへのフィールドワークによれば、表象とその記憶に加えて、「男らしさ」、「浦和の場所性」、そして「抵抗の契機」といった要素がそれぞれの歴史的堆積をふまえながら複雑に絡み合って、重層決定されていることがわかる。サポーターのさまざまなポピュラーカルチャーズの要素をふまえながら、その日常で瞬間瞬間にさまざまな要素が紡ぎ合わさって構成される現実を読み解くことが必要である。
著者
駒形 嘉紀
出版者
一般社団法人 日本内科学会
雑誌
日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.102, no.10, pp.2639-2644, 2013-10-10 (Released:2014-10-10)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
1

血球貪食症候群は,骨髄などにおいて活性化された組織球が自己の血球を貪食する病態で,別名血球貪食性リンパ組織球症とも呼ばれる.うち自己免疫疾患に伴うものをマクロファージ活性化症候群と呼び,サイトカインストームと呼ばれる炎症性サイトカインの異常産生により,発熱・高フェリチン血症などの臨床症状を呈する.しばしば重症となり致死的な経過をたどるため,ステロイドなどによる強力な免疫抑制療法が必要である.
著者
秋葉 陽介 渡邉 恵 峯 篤史 池戸 泉美 二川 浩樹
出版者
公益社団法人 日本補綴歯科学会
雑誌
日本補綴歯科学会誌 (ISSN:18834426)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.4, pp.327-339, 2016 (Released:2016-11-09)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
4 2

歯科金属アレルギーは口腔内の金属補綴修復物に含まれる金属元素をアレルゲンとしてアレルギー反応が感作,惹起され,局所性,全身性の接触皮膚炎を病態とする疾患として理解されている.歯科金属アレルギーと関連疾患に対する,検査,診査,診断,治療法などに関する診療ガイドラインは,現在のところ策定されていない.本総説は歯科金属アレルギー診療ガイドライン策定に必要な臨床研究,基礎研究や,歯科金属アレルギーに関する臨床について,現状と展望を解説するものである.
著者
田中 博之
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.8, pp.390-394, 2018-08-01 (Released:2018-08-01)

PISA型読解力は,社会の多様な資料やデータを比較して既有知識を活用しながら深く読み取り,読み取った結果を自分なりに解釈・評価してわかりやすく表現するという総合的な学力を意味している。21世紀社会に求められる新しいリテラシーとしてのPISA型読解力は,すべての国の子どもたちの基礎学力になることが求められるとともに,これからますますその育成方法や評価方法の研究を推進することが,OECD的な意味で国の経済発展の根幹になるものと考えられる。
著者
高橋 将文
出版者
一般社団法人 日本内科学会
雑誌
日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.105, no.4, pp.747-752, 2016-04-10 (Released:2017-04-10)
参考文献数
12

免疫は,細菌やウイルスといった病原体などの異物(非自己)を排除する生体反応であり,ヒトの免疫システムは自然免疫と獲得免疫とに分けられる.免疫システムの異常は様々な疾患の病態に関与するが,自己免疫疾患(autoimmune disease)は主に獲得免疫の異常によって引き起こされる.近年,この自己免疫疾患と対比される疾患として,主に自然免疫の異常に起因する自己炎症疾患(autoinflammatory disease)が注目されている.また,単純な免疫システムと考えられてきた自然免疫が,獲得免疫の始動に必要不可欠であるとともに,自己免疫疾患の発症機序においても重要な役割を果たしていることがわかってきた.中でも,病原体由来の核酸を認識する自然免疫のパターン認識受容体(pattern recognition receptor:PRR)が,自己由来の核酸を認識することで炎症・免疫反応を惹起し,代表的な自己免疫疾患である全身性エリテマトーデス(systemic lupus erythematosus:SLE)の病態に関与することが明らかになってきている.
著者
池内 裕美
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.1, pp.1-15, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-08-01)
参考文献数
27

In this study, a hoarding tendency is defined as a trait whereby many possessions are saved and cannot be discarded because of their subjective meaning. For this study, an internet-survey of non-clinical individuals was conducted. First, the effects of age and gender on expression of hoarding were investigated. Next, as the main purpose of this study, the causal relationships between hoarding tendencies and various problems that hoarding causes were investigated. Four hundred and fifty-three participants were asked to complete a questionnaire. The main findings were as follows: 1) Females and people in their 30s significantly tended to hoard possessions. 2) The results of analysis indicated that hoarding caused mental problems, economic problems, social problems, and functional problems. In addition, a covariance structure analysis for the proposed model suggested that excessive attachment to possessions, such as “avoidance of discarding possessions” and “extended self,” caused an excessive build-up of items in the home, and these functional problems resulted in the above-mentioned problems. 3) Furthermore, the results of multi-sample simultaneous analysis indicated that the causal model for participants in their 60s was greatly different from that of other age groups. That model revealed that people in their 60s did not hesitate to throw belongings away and did not have the various problems that hoarding causes.
著者
山本 佳祐 田中 宏明
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.1, pp.26-37, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-08-01)
参考文献数
18

The present study aims to investigate when and why helping behaviors are criticized by a third party. We propose that people infer an ulterior selfish motive for others’ helping behaviors that occur in some self-presentational contexts. A vignette study was conducted with 149 undergraduates who read scenarios describing helping behaviors in various kinds of contexts. Analysis using a multi-level structural equation model provided partial support for our notion. It was shown that selfish motives were more likely inferred in situations in which observers who happened to be there praised the helping behavior than otherwise. However, this did not lead to increased criticism. It was also shown that the help was more likely regarded as needless, and, therefore, selfish motives were more strongly inferred when the help was refused than when it was requested by a recipient. Some methodological problems and future directions are discussed.
著者
林 幸史 小杉 考司
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.1, pp.38-46, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-08-01)
参考文献数
29

This study attempted to investigate the differences in tourists’ perceptions of destination images based on their past travel experiences. Tourism research suggests that past travel experiences affect present tourist behavior in terms of travel career and number of visits. In this study, we consider the tourist as a person seeking mastery through travel experiences and use measures of guest experience from 47 prefectures in Japan. Five hundred respondents living in Osaka were asked to complete a questionnaire via the Internet. Respondents had to identify 10 destination images and write about their travel experiences in as many of the 47 prefectures as they had visited. The main results were as follows: (1) respondents were classified into four clusters according to their travel experiences, (2) tourists who had traveled to more prefectures had an image of the destination based on geographical location and destination characteristics, and (3) tourists who had previously visited a particular destination and had been to more prefectures had a clear image of the destination. Based on these results, the process through which tourists develop expertise was discussed.
著者
横井 良典 中谷内 一也
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.1, pp.16-25, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-08-01)
参考文献数
45

This study examined trust in artificial intelligence in medical care and identified its determinants. Studies on risk perception have found that perceived ability, integrity, and value similarity determine trust in risk managers. Further, engineering studies on trust in artificial intelligence have suggested that perceived ability and integrity determine trust. However, few researchers have examined whether perceived value similarity affects trust in artificial intelligence. We employed a situation assumption method and focused on the shared policy of medical treatment. In Study 1 (n=165), the results revealed that the shared policy of medical treatment enhanced participants’ trust in artificial intelligence, as it did in humans. In addition, artificial intelligence was less trusted than humans were. Study 2 (n=139) replicated the experiment conducted in Study 1 by improving items for manipulation check. The results of Study 2 mostly reproduced those of Study 1. Empirical implications of the findings are discussed.
著者
稲増 一憲 三浦 麻子
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.1, pp.47-57, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-08-01)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
1

Due to the diffusion of the internet and the increase in the number of politicians who attack mass media and gain support, the problem of a decrease in the public’s trust in mass media is gaining attention both in Japan and abroad. However, the wording of questions measuring trust in mass media (TVs, newspapers, and magazines) is not consistent; hence it is difficult to examine whether trust is declining or not. We reviewed the previous findings of representative social surveys and revealed three differences in question wording: (1) degree adverbs assigned to choices of 4-point scales, (2) whether to measure trust in newspapers and magazines together, (3) whether to clearly indicate that the target of the question is an organization. We conducted a randomized web survey experiment to explore the differences in expressed trust based on question wording. As a result, level of the trust in media differs by up to 25% or more depending on the question wording. The findings indicate the importance of choosing question wording with a clear reason in measuring trust in media.
著者
Yoshito Kamijo Michiko Takai Yuji Fujita Kiyotaka Usui
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.15, pp.2141-2146, 2018-08-01 (Released:2018-08-01)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
23

Objective We conducted a retrospective study on the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with acute caffeine poisoning in Japan. Methods Letters requesting participation were sent to 264 emergency departments of hospitals, and questionnaires were mailed to those that agreed to participate. Patients Participants were patients transported to emergency departments of hospitals between April 2011 and March 2016 after consuming large or massive amounts of caffeinated supplements and/or energy drinks (caffeine dose ≥1.0 g). Results We surveyed 101 patients from 38 emergency departments. Since April 2013, the number of patients has markedly increased. Of these young patients (median age, 25 years), 53 were men, and 97 had consumed caffeine in tablet form. Estimated caffeine doses (n=93) ranged from 1.2 to 82.6 g (median, 7.2 g). Serum caffeine levels on admission (n=17) ranged from 2.0 to 530.0 μg/mL (median level, 106.0 μg/mL). Common abnormal vital signs and laboratory data on admission included tachypnea, tachycardia, depressed consciousness, hypercreatinekinasemia, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and hyperlactatemia. Common signs and symptoms in the clinical course included nausea, vomiting, excitement/agitation, and sinus tachycardia. Seven patients (6.9%) who had consumed ≥6.0 g of caffeine, or whose serum caffeine levels on admission were ≥200 μg/mL, developed cardiac arrest. Ninety-seven patients (96.0%) recovered completely, but 3 patients (3.0%) died. Conclusion The present analysis of data from more than 100 emergency patients revealed clinical features of moderate to fatal caffeine poisoning. We recommend highlighting the toxicity risks associated with ingesting highly caffeinated tablets.
著者
清水 忠 西村 奏咲 上田 昌宏
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.138, no.8, pp.1085-1093, 2018-08-01 (Released:2018-08-01)
参考文献数
7

Recently, it has been reported that only a small number of sixth-year students who had undergone a long-term pre-clinical training in the fifth year found organic chemistry useful. To explain this, we hypothesized that pharmacists are unable to utilize the knowledge of organic chemistry to solve clinical problems. With the aim of addressing this problem, we conducted a workshop consisting of a series of lectures and exercises on structural similarity, solubility, absorption, and metabolism of drugs based on a chemical structural formula. Then, we administered a questionnaire survey to 253 participants who had participated in our workshop. The questionnaire comprised 17 questions, and free descriptions were analyzed using text mining. Results showed that, although about 45% of the participants confirmed the chemical structural formula described in the medical package insert, and about 22% of the participants had the opportunity to check the metabolites described in the drug interview form, more than 90% of the participants were interested in the workshop contents. Thus, pharmacists may want to learn how the process of utilizing the chemical structural formula can be applied to their clinical practice.