著者

坂田 淳

出版者

早稲田大学

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-46, 2019

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早大学位記番号:新8248

著者

中山 大将

出版者

北海道大学スラブ・ユーラシア研究センター内 境界研究ユニット

雑誌

境界研究 (ISSN:21856117)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.45-69, 2020

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Academica Histrica (ROC) published a series of source books on Chinese repatriation from all over the world after WWII. One of the volumes has sources of Academica Histrica and an explanation on the return of Chinese from Southern Sakhalin after the Soviet–Japanese War. However, the explanation lacks references to other official documents of other archives and media sources. In addition, the author of the explanation failed to weigh the information in official documents from the view of Karafuto/Sakhalin history. This paper clarified the following points on Chinese in Karafuto/ Southern Sakhalin using official documents of Academica Histrica, Archive of Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica (ROC), The Second Historical Archive of China (PRC) and Archive of Shanghai-city (PRC), in addition, newspapers and magazine articles published in China. Chinese in Southern Sakhalin contacted diplomatic establishments of the ROC in the USSR and returned to China in 1947 under the scheme for overseas Chinese repatriation established by the ROC - the same as other Chinese in the USSR. One hundred and sixty-one persons left Sakhalin for Shanghai, ROC as a Chinese returnee group and at least 4 Chinese remained in Sakhalin. It is estimated that the returnee group consisted of around 120 Chinese and around 40 Japanese families. Anxiety over regime change caused their return. They were not purged under the socialist regime in Sakhalin though they had stood by the Wang Jingwei regime under the Japanese Empire. However, socialization of the economic system and an increase of Soviet citizens damaged their lives because most of them had been engaged in commerce. The government of Shanghai-city shouldered the most important role for supporting these returnees from Southern Sakhalin. The Shanghai branch of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ROC made every effort to accommodate them just after their arrival; however, the branch and the central government did not have a budget to support them. Not only these returnees from Southern Sakhalin but also returnees from other areas of the USSR and domestic refugees generated by the Chinese Civil War had flowed into Shanghai. Discharge of these populations was an urgent issue for Shanghai-city. Shanghai-city planned to settle these returnees and refugees on uncultivated lands in Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces as relief works. However, it emerged that those lands were not suitable for agriculture and the returnees from Southern Sakhalin had no intention to move to those lands though some of them came from those provinces. One-third of the returnees from Southern Sakhalin had desired to move from Shanghai to Taiwan just after the return and that rate rose to three-fourths in a month, though there was no one among them from Taiwan. Some of the domestic refugees also desired to move from Shanghai to Taiwan. The Chinese Civil War had already proceeded and these refugees regarded Taiwan as one of the safe areas in China. The reasons specific to returnees from Southern Sakhalin desiring to move to Taiwan were the linguistic barrier in Shanghai, linguistic advantage in Taiwan and reunion of family in Japan. Shanghai and the surrounding areas had a variety of Chinese dialects and there were few people among the returnees from these areas. As an official document stated, it was very difficult for them to get a job there. On the contrary, many people came from Fujian province and spoke Fujian dialects, which was one of major dialects in Taiwan; moreover, it is natural that they expected that they could communicate in Japanese there because Taiwan was a colony of the Japanese Empire the same as Karafuto. In addition, an example of reunion of family in Japan via Taiwan has been known. The colonial government of Karafuto launched the evacuation during the Soviet-Japanese War and many women, children and senior citizens moved to Hokkaido. The Soviet army sealed off La Perouse Strait and many families were separated. The return of Chinese from Southern Sakhalin was a kind of unwilling displacement of citizens of the victorious nations generated by a series of border shifts after WWII, such as the return of the USSR citizens from China to the USSR. For their fatherlands, the victory of the war meant the liberation or the restoration of independence; however, for them, whether victory or defeat, border shifts derived from the war meant the disorganization of the order which they had help build as foreigners.

著者

モングーシュ マリーナ V. Marina V. Mongush

出版者

国立民族学博物館

雑誌

国立民族学博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology (ISSN:0385180X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.35-62, 2013-12-25

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This article is a preliminary report on the international expedition to theTuvans in China, Russia, and Mongolia that was conducted in the summer of2012 as a Cultural Resource Project of the National Museum of Ethnology(Minpaku). The author investigates features of the way of life and cultureof the Tuvans living in these countries and clarifies the similarities anddifferences arising from their different social circumstances. The majorityof Tuvans live in Russia, where they have a recognized position and territory—the Tuva Republic. In the territories of China and Mongolia, Tuvansare national minorities and do not have national-territorial status. HoweverTuvans of all three countries still keep their native language, ethnic consciousnessand traditional culture. This article focuses on elements rangingfrom “historical baggage” to the language and cultural situation of this community,to relations with the host societies, and to the interaction betweenthese factors.

著者

Yi Shuang Sun Wenke Heki Kosuke Qian An

出版者

American Geophysical Union

雑誌

Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN:00948276)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.10, pp.3998-4006, 2015-05-28

被引用文献数

77

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The global mean sea level (GMSL) was reported to have dropped 5 mm due to the 2010/2011 La Niña and have recovered in 1 year. With longer observations, it is shown that the GMSL went further up to a total amount of 11.6 mm by the end of 2012, excluding the 3.0 mm/yr background trend. A reconciled sea level budget, based on observations by Argo project, altimeter, and gravity satellites, reveals that the true GMSL rise has been masked by El Niño–Southern Oscillation-related fluctuations and its rate has increased since 2010. After extracting the influence of land water storage, it is shown that the GMSL has been rising at a rate of 4.4 ± 0.5 mm/yr for more than 3 years, due to an increase in the rate of both land ice loss and steric change.

著者

西川 若菜 米山 直樹 W. Nishikawa N. Yoneyama

雑誌

関西学院大学心理科学研究 (ISSN:21876355)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.7-12, 2016-03-25

著者

行待 三輪

出版者

京都産業大学マネジメント研究会

雑誌

京都マネジメント・レビュー = Kyoto Management Review (ISSN:13475304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.341-355, 2018-03-15

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本研究では,Bernard and Noel[1991]およびStober[1993]の先行研究に依拠する形で,売上債権および棚卸資産における各要素(商製品・仕掛品,原材料)の「意図せざる」差額と将来利益にかかる予測可能性の検討を行った.分析の結果としては,売上債権に関しては売上総利益及び各利益との間に負の相関を発見することができた.また,仕掛品(WP)および原材料(RM)に関してであるが,仕掛品に関してはLEVEL に関して限定的ではあるが,利益に関して負の相関があることを発見した.原材料に関しては,CHANGE およびLEVEL のいずれに関しても売上高および利益に関して非常に強い負の相関を見ることができる.これは先行研究とは異なる結果となっている. そこで,次に本研究では分析に用いた棚卸資産各要素の「意図せざる差額」(FG,WP,RM)の分布の確認を行った.その結果,WP およびRM の平均値が極めてゼロに近いこと,またヒストグラムに関してもほぼゼロを中心として正規分布に従っていることを確認することができた.これらの分析より,仕掛品および原材料に関して予測回帰式より導き出された「意図せざる差額」は非常に僅少な金額であること,言い換えれば日本企業においては企業で意図せざる仕掛品や原材料の在庫投資は行われておらず,製造ラインにおける在庫管理は非常に徹底されており,これら在庫の存在そのものが企業の生産管理システムの機能不全を意味するものではないかとの推論を得た.

著者

橋本 英典

出版者

東京大学理学部

雑誌

東京大学理学部弘報

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.9-10, 1975-03

著者

黒田 重雄

出版者

北海道大学經濟學部

雑誌

北海道大學 經濟學研究 (ISSN:04516265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.25-63, 1980-03

著者

柴田 英樹

出版者

弘前大学人文学部

雑誌

人文社会論叢. 社会科学篇 (ISSN:13450255)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.85-101, 2012-02-29

著者

山田 利博

出版者

宮崎大学教育学部

雑誌

宮崎大学教育学部紀要. 人文科学 = Memoirs of the fuclty of education Miyazaki University. Humanities science (ISSN:0285855X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.85, pp.33-43, 1998-09-30

著者

Fujimoto Takafumi Fujimoto Suzu Murakami Masaru Yamaha Etsuro Arai Katsutoshi

出版者

北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学水産科学研究彙報 (ISSN:24353353)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.103-111, 2020-08-24

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Tetraploid strains are important sources of diploid gametes available for further expansion of ploidy manipulation. Although artificial induction of tetraploid strains has been attempted by inhibition of a mitotic cell division of zygotes using hydrostatic pressure or temperature treatments at the early developmental stage, successful examples of viable and fertile tetraploid fish were very rare. Because most resultant tetraploid progeny exhibited extremely high mortality. Natural tetraploid variants are considered another source of diploid gametes. In the present study, we tried to induce new strains of tetraploid, triploid and androgenetic diploid using diploid sperm of a tetraploid ginbuna (Japanese silver crucian carp Carassius auratus langsdorfii), which caught at the Jounuma lake, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. New tetraploids, i.e., neo-tetraploids were induced by fertilizing eggs of a diploid goldfish Carassius auratus auratus with diploid sperm of the tetraploid ginbuna, followed by heatshock (40°C for 45, 60 and 75 s) to inhibit the second polar body release at 5 min after fertilization. Although a small number of neo-tetraploid fish survived, we could not obtain any fertile gametes from them in the present study. Triploids were successfully induced by fertilizing eggs of a diploid goldfish with diploid sperm of the tetraploid ginbuna. Some resultant triploid males produced aneuploid sperm at the age of maturation. Androgenetic diploids were induced by fertilizing UV-irradiated eggs of diploid goldfish with diploid sperm of the tetraploid ginbuna. A mature androgenetic diploid produced fertile haploid sperm.

著者

浅野 竜太 磯田 豊 小林 直人 中村 知裕 伊藤 薫

出版者

北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学水産科学研究彙報 (ISSN:24353353)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.63-76, 2020-08-24

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A new type of mechanism for the generation of vertical circulation is revealed with the use of numerical experiments for the bended channel model. In the steady passage-flow experiment with a flat bottom and no bottom friction, a remarkable vertical circulation is formed only at the downside of bended corner where a negative horizontal shear flow dominates. Specifically, we call this type circulation “Negative Shear induced Vertical Circulation (NSVC)”, which is caused through the dynamical unbalance of gradient flow and the vorticity balance between the lateral vorticity advection and the sea surface divergence. A field observation was carried out around the Ooma-zaki area in the eastern Tsugaru Strait to confirm an enhanced downward flow expected by the realistic experiment including the bottom slope and friction. The spatial istributions of water temperature support the existence of this downward motion.

著者

堀尾 一樹 磯田 豊 小林 直人 千葉 彩

出版者

北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学水産科学研究彙報 (ISSN:24353353)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.41-62, 2020-08-24

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If there is the coastal upwelling, it is common to think that the upward advection of cold deep water will make the coastal side cooler than the offshore side. Shelf slope upwelling (SSU) presented in this study, however, occurs only when the shallow coastal side is rather warm due to a continuous sea surface heating in summer. The present study investigated the formation process of such SSU using a numerical model driven by surface heating. From the results of examining unsteady state of heat budget and dynamic balance, SSU was found to be a kind of compensation flow, not the bottom Ekman flow. That is, to satisfy continuity in a vertical section, the offshore flow caused by the horizontal density/temperature gradient was supplemented by the shoreward flow strongly confined to the sloping seabed. This SSU will probably be one of the important flows contributing to material transport, e.g., unused nutrients and anoxic water etc., from deep to near coast in summer, while it is difficult to prove the existence of SSU even indirectly from the observed water temperature.

著者

Fang Xiaorong Isoda Yutaka

出版者

北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学水産科学研究彙報 (ISSN:24353353)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.25-40, 2020-08-24

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A multi-layered numerical model driven by seasonal change in sea surface heat flux with excess cooling was used to investigate the dynamics of a cooling induced current (CIC) in the Japan Sea. The original idea of the CIC was proposed by Isoda (1999) (Journal of Oceanography, 55, 585-596) as follows : eastward thermal flow in the interior region, i.e., Tsushima Warm Current (TWC), accompanied with meridional thermal gradient on the planetary-β plane would be determined by the heat balance between net heat loss at the sea surface and lateral heat transport from the southern entrance into the Japan Sea. The CIC model produced a significant meandering TWC with an east-west wave number of three, based on the property of a standing Rossby wave, only under the model condition that coexisted with seasonal disturbances of heat. A positive heat supply from the southern entrance to the Japan Sea occurred in late winter, extended slowly to the TWC region as the offshore advection of meandering patchiness in summer, and then contributed to the heat loss by sea surface cooling in the following winter. The whole TWC region was cooled not only at the sea surface in winter, but also by eastward advection of upwelled cold waters originating from the western boundary area in summer to autumn. The meandering flow was stably confined to the southern part because of the dominant southward eddy momentum fluxes, which were caused by the northwest-southeast inclinations of meandering ridge-axes. Owing to such seasonal change in the lateral transports of momentum and heat, the meandering TWC (or CIC) flow pattern was maintained as a “dynamic equilibrium state”.

著者

Matsuura Hiromi Isoda Yutaka

出版者

北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学水産科学研究彙報 (ISSN:24353353)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.13-23, 2020-08-24

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We examine the reason why non-equilibrium response of lunar fortnightly tide, i.e., Mf tide with 13.7-day period, dominates in the Japan/East Sea including the Tsugaru Strait. In the present study, tides combining with passage-flow through the (Tsugaru) Strait are numerically simulated with a two-dimensional form of hydrodynamic model. It has been known that nonlinear interaction of dominant diurnal constituents K1 and O1 results in new oscillation with the same period of Mf tide. Analysis of computed sea level and currents is aimed primarily at describing the enhanced currents and patterns of energy flow in the Strait. Next, the focus of our model study is investigation of mechanisms of pseudo-fortnightly current enhancement where passage-flow interacts with diurnal current variations, resulting in temporal change in the friction due to “form drag”. Thus, we combine the study for form drag of passage-flow with the hydrodynamic interactions of diurnal tidal currents to provide some insight into the locally generated fortnightly tidal forcing within the Strait.

著者

船橋 千歳

出版者

愛知教育大学

巻号頁・発行日

2016-03-23

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平成27年度 卒業研究 概要

著者

三田地 真実

出版者

法政大学人間環境学会

雑誌

人間環境論集 = 人間環境論集 (ISSN:13453785)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.23-42, 2009-11-01

著者

中村 茂夫

出版者

東洋史研究會

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.676-696, 1989-03-31

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In the history of Chinese law the origins of the law concerning the concealment of crimes by family members, according to which, those who conceal the crimes of their relatives are either exempted from criminal prosecution, or charged with minor offenses, are very ancient. For example, they are detectable in the Analects. Also in the legal codes of the Tang dynasty this law is set forth in detail. Later dynasties, including the Qing, also recognized this law. While many previous studies of this topic have been made, they have not systematically ordered the various provisions of these laws. This paper will attempt to fill that gap in the research surrounding this topic. While leaving discussions of these laws to other studies, this paper particularly will focus on an examination of various provisions of the Qing dynasty laws, taking up a few decisions from collections of judicial precedents. The paper will try to introduce systematically the legal status of laws pertaining to the concealing of crimes by family members. Since this traditional law also influenced the Japanese legal system, this paper will also briefly discuss the particulars of that influence.

著者

安達 貴教 ADACHI Takanori

出版者

名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科

雑誌

経済科学 (ISSN:00229725)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.19-38, 2020-06

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This article surveys all 21 textbooks authorized by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) that are currently used for "Contemporary Society" ("Gendai Shakai") or "Politics and Economy" ("Seiji Keizai") in the subject area "Civics" ("Kōmin") of the curriculum system for high schools in Japan. I especially focus on how imperfect competition is explained in each textbook. After making a comparison of these textbooks, I argue that the baseline framework to teach "market economy" ("shijō keizai") should be based on the idea of imperfect competition, with minimal space for perfect competition, which should be regarded as just one special case of imperfect competition. Accordingly, such keywords as "the automatic adjustment function of price" ("kakaku no jidō chōsei kinō") and "administered price" ("kanri kakaku") in the current textbooks should be removed, and instead, "markup", "product differentiation" ("seihin sabetsuka"), "deadweight loss" ("shikajū") and "competition policy" ("kyōsō seisaku") should be introduced in forthcoming textbooks for a newly introduced subject "Publics" ("Kōkyō"), replacing "Contemporary Society," as well as the continuing "Politics and Economy."

著者

Asaji Keizo

出版者

Kansai University Press

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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1. Simon de Montfort's Administration in Gascony, 1248-1252 ---- 1 Part 1 Barons' Community of the Realm in England2. Magna Carta and the Community of the Realm, 1215-1258 ---- 353. The Community of the Realm in England, 1258-1260 ---- 574. The Community of the Realm and the Baronial Reform Movement. 1258-1265 ---- 96 Part 2 Performance of the Reformist Barons' Government5. Custos Pacis and Henry Ill's patronage policy towards the gentry in 1264 ---- 1336. Household accounts of the countess of Leicester, 1265 ---- 162 Part 3 Discord, Reconciliation and Authority for Jurors in local society7. The Hundred Jurors in Cambridgeshire in the 1260s ---- 1898. The Barons' War and the Hundred Jurors in Cambridgeshire ---- 2159. The Hundred Jurors in Cambridgeshire in the 1260s: the case of Armingford Hundred ---- 23610. The Hundred Jurors in Cambridgeshire in the 1260s: the case of Thriplow Hundred ---- 254