著者

星野 誠

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

油化学 (ISSN:0513398X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.10, pp.856-867, 1993-10-20

被引用文献数

3

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Dry chemicals and inert gases are generally used as fire extinguishants to extinguish small-scale flammable fuel fires such as oil spill fires and oil stove fires. But they are not suitable for extinguishing large-scale oil fires, because of the following three reasons ; 1. there is a possibility of reignition after the fire extinction. 2. it costs much when they are applied continuously for a long time. and 3. the largest drawback is that these agents do not prevent the fuel vaporization after the fire extinction.<BR>On the other hand, no fire-fighting foams have such drawbacks. They are sure extinguishants for fires, of chemical plants, large fuel storage tanks and of major oil spills.<BR>Medium and high expansion foams for fire suppression are commercially available as well as convensional low expansion-type foams. Synthetic surfactant, fluorinated surfactant and fluoroprotein foams have been developed one after another, although there are still conventional hydrolized keratin-protein foams available. These newly developed foams have found a way to a practical application in the fire-fighting field.<BR>This paper describes state of the art of fire-fighting foams and explains the details of each foam.