1 0 0 0 OA 下等背椎動物に於ける血球の行動と白血球形成との關係
(1) The erthrocytes in frog, tadpole, newt, snake and cru cian show the following behaviours, in scattered portions of the cultured blood cells, such as the formation of ciliumflagellum-or pseudopodium-like processes, and they change their forms into irregular outline, sugar-plum-shape, bell-shape or constricted forms and at last they transform into spherical erythrocytes (spherocytes). Through these transforming processes the erythro cytes shhow the continuous rhythmic, undulating movement of their cell-surface and sometimes the nuclear-surface also exhibits such a movement. (2) Erythrocytes extrude their cytoplasm to their exterior during the culture or on the blood smear preparation in the following four manners. That is (a) Gradual extrusion of cytoplasm, containing minute granules, through their cell walls in vitro. (b) Explosive extrusion of cytoplasm immediately after the blood have poured out from the blood vessel. This type of extrusion has close connection with the bood coagulation (c) The differentiation of extruded cytoplasm into small lymphocytoid cells, blood platelets, neutrophilic leucocytes or monocytes according to the circumstances of extruded cytoplasm or age of erythro-cytes. (d) From certain area of differentiating erythrocytes surface protrudes a thin, clear veil-like cytoplasm, which exhibits the amoeboid movement (undulating membrane type). This type of extrusion closely resembles to the "pinocytosis" (described by Lewis) and the "potocytosis" (described by Zollinger). (3) The blood coagulation takes place chietly by cytoplasm-extrusion of erythrocytes but it is not due to the destruction of thromocytes as it has been believed. (4) Cytoplasm-extrusion of differentiating erythrocytes seems to have no direct relation to their nuclei, yet, it is most probable that the nuclei of blood platelets and leucocytes arise newly by the differentiation and condensation of nuclear substances contained in the extruded cytoplasm. (5) The "cytoplasm-extrusion of differentiating erythrocyte" has close connection with the following factors, (a) change of environmental condition of blood cells, i, e., the stop of blood current induced by pouring out the blood from the blood vessel, (b) contact of erythrocyes to foreign substances such as air, fluid medium, or slideglass, etc., (c)mechanical action against the erythrocyte. (d) thickness of blood layer smeared on slide glass. (e) time elapsed after the blood poured out from blood vessel. (6) Erythrocytes often change their forms and positions of nuclei in a few minutes after they were smeared on slide glass.