著者

文 聖漢

出版者

日本法政学会

雑誌

日本法政学会法政論叢 (ISSN:03865266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.10-21, 1998-11

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1.Introduction 2.Debate on the Japan's national security before the Korean War and the change of the international security environment 3.Debate on the Japan's national security after the outbreak of the Korean War and the change of response by Yoshida cabinet 4.The change of public opinion over the national security 5.Conclusion The main purpose of this paper is to make clear the following three points by which the influence of the Korean War towards the variation of Japan's debate over national security. Firstly, until before the outbreak of the Korean War, there was flourishing debate on the Japanese national security under the assumption that the sovereignty were achieved by reaching the Peace Treaty. The focal point of the debate was the feasibility of neutral policy as Japan'sp ossible security policy options, event hought Japan was then under the occupation of the United States. Secondly, even thought Japanese political orientation after the defeat of war was explicitly inclined towards the neutral policy for various reasons, the public opinion supported in general the Yoshida's security policy, the so called Yoshida doctrine, which focused on the indispensability of limited dependence on the united states. It also included implicitly the pursuit of economic reconstruction, gradual rearmament corresponding to the economic capacity, and the offering of military bases to the UnitedS tates. In addition, some nationalistsw ho insisted on the drastic rearmament got sympathetic assistance to some extent from the general public. Thirdly, once the Korean War broke out, the direction of debate over the national security issue, being held independently in domestic, turned the other way. The arguments of neutrality and over-all peace treaty lost their theoretical bases and so did in reality. Yoshida's cabinet got the political legitimacy of its dependence policy on the United States. This also helped Yoshida pursue his national security policy with confidence. Furthermore, the Korean War made it possible for the Japanese latent consciousness on the national security to be awakened and become more realistic.In conclusion, the U.S.-Japanese alliance was not the by-product stemmed from the change of international situation which originated from the Korean War, but the result of independent debate which was domestically already full fledged on the stage of discussion before the outbreak of the Korean War. Summing up, the old 'theory of Kamikaze of the Korean War', which treats the Korean War as the decisive factor forming Japanese-U.S. security system and rearmament of Japan, has gone too far in emphasizing the outside factors in the formation of Japan's foreign policy. This theory is dependent only on the textual interpretation.