著者

星野 優子 杉山 大志

出版者

一般社団法人 エネルギー・資源学会

雑誌

エネルギー・資源学会論文誌 (ISSN:24330531)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.22-27, 2011 (Released:2019-08-08)

参考文献数

15

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We compared the generation costs of photovoltaic (PV) with thermal and nuclear power during the period of the recent price surge of fossil fuels and raw materials by a bottom up analysis using a Japanese life cycle assessment (LCA) data for power plants. Although the steep rise of fossil fuel price had spurred the political mood in favor for renewable energy, we found that the impacts on the cost of PV systems by the price rise were not necessarily small compared to those on the costs of thermal or nuclear power. Due to the price hike of materials from 2003 to 2008, the cost of a PV system had increased by 2.7 yen per kWh. It is close to the price increase of coal power by 3.5 yen per kWh in the same period due to fuel and material price hike. Moreover, the impacts on the cost of a nuclear power were as small as 0.4 yen per kWh in the same period, in spite of the steep rise of uranium price. We conclude that a surge of resource and energy price does not necessarily make PV more cost competitive against nuclear and fossil fuel power, since PV is more material intensive than nuclear and fossil fuel power and the material price also surges when the fuel price does.

著者

小口 登良 星野 優子

出版者

JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.123-134, 2000-12-31 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

19

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Technology transfer is one of the reasons for host economies to welcome FDI. However, quite often we hear disappointments by the host economies as to the realization of technology transfer. In this paper, we focus on the effect of Japanese direct investment in Korea. We estimate the improvement of overall productivity of Korean manufacturing sector due to Japanese direct investment. The over all productivity is measured by the Total Factor Productivity. We estimate the rate of change of TFP for Korean manufacturing industry. We then decompose the TFP growth into three factors, namely (1) shift in cost function, (2) scale effect, and (3) effect of FDI, based on the estimates of the translog cost function.For the period of 1972-95, average annual growth rate of TFP was 3.66 per cent. It was found that during early days of FDI, foreign capital ratio had negative effect on TFP growth. The negative effect became smaller in the 80s, and then in 90s it turned to positive. This may be interpreted that it takes time to foreign firms to operate at full efficiency. More straight interpretation is also possible. That is, during early period, FDI was to take advantage of lower wage of the host country and not a vehicle of technology transfer of advanced production technology. In later years the nature of FDI shifted with the change of management strategy to put emphasis on global optimal allocation of production facilities and specialization at global level. It is important to know that the effect of FDI was not the same throughout the analysis period. It may work as a vehicle of technology transfer as well as tool of exploitation of low wages. In this paper, it was found that Japanese direct investment may have shifted from the latter to former in nature in the 90s.