著者

草野 大希

出版者

アメリカ学会

雑誌

アメリカ研究 (ISSN:03872815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.41-60, 2015-03-25 (Released:2021-11-05)

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This article highlights the characteristics of the Monroe Doctrine that are the roots of both American unilateralism and multilateralism. It achieves this objective by examining the utilization of the Monroe Doctrine by the United States to justify its interventionist policies in the Americas since its declaration in 1823 and traces its development over time as a justification for individual or collective intervention.As Gaddis Smith, a prominent historian of U.S. foreign policy, stated in 1994, the end of the Cold War seems to have put an end to “the last years of the Monroe Doctrine.” Actually, we rarely see the words of the Monroe Doctrine in American interventions any longer, especially those of the last two decades, including the recent statements by President Obama on his decision to begin a new military intervention against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. However, looking back on the history of the Monroe Doctrine and U.S. interventions, it is evident that this doctrine still continues to affect American policies even today. The validity of this assertion is confirmed by contemporary interventions, which as in the past, are marked by the problem of whether the U.S. can undertake these actions unilaterally or multilaterally, that is, the very problem that it had to confront in the Western Hemisphere under the Monroe Doctrine, long before the end of the Cold War.It is true that many scholars, especially those who study the history of the Monroe Doctrine and U.S-Latin American relations, have already argued that the doctrine relates not only to American unilateralism but also to its multilateralism. However, few articles explicitly regard the Monroe Doctrine as the ideational source of both unilateralism and multilateralism and clarify its historic development to the present day, which ultimately created the multilateral framework. In addition, generally speaking, the Monroe Doctrine is still only usually associated with U.S. unilateralism, while the effect of the doctrine on the development of multilateralism has been ignored. For this reason, this article promotes a more rigorous understanding of the role that the Monroe Doctrine has played in creating the two core principles of U.S. behavior.This paper addresses the following issues: (1) President Monroe’s declaration of the original Monroe Doctrine, (2) the Roosevelt Corollary as the transformed Monroe Doctrine for U.S. interventions, (3) the trial of and backlashagainst the multilateralizing of the Monroe Doctrine under the Wilson administration, (4) the multilateralized, Monroe Doctrine from the 1930s’ Good Neighbor policy to the establishment of the United Nations, (5) the Monroe Doctrine during the Cold War, and (6) the effect of the Monroe Doctrine on U.S. interventionism in the post-Cold War era.