著者

鎌田 繁[訳・解説] Mulla Sadra[著]

出版者

東京大学東洋文化研究所

雑誌

東洋文化研究所紀要 (ISSN:05638089)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, pp.53-131, 1986-03

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Mulla Sadra (d. 1050/1640) is a great mystic philosopher in the Safavid Iran and the author of a monumental work, The Transcendent Theosophy concerning the Four Intellectual Journeys of the Soul (al-Hikmah al-muta‘āliyah fī al-asfār al-‘aqlīyah al-arba‘ah). Here presented is a Japanese translation of its safar IV, bāb 11, fasl 13, (Tehran 1379AH Edition, vol. IV-ii, pp. 243-272) with a brief introduction, a summary and notes. This section (fasl) deals with an eschatological problem of the Congregation (hashr). In his understanding not only rational souls but animal and vegetative ones, even natural bodies return to and congregate with, God. This idea contrasts sharply with that of the philosophers (falāsifah) and of the theologians (mutakallimūn) in Islam. He adopts neither the narrow doctrine of the spiritual resurrection of the former nor the dogma of the atomistic bodily resurrection of the latter. Based on his theory of the tripartite development of soul, he allows animals on a higher stage their individual (not specific) survival in the world of Soul (‘ālam al-nafs), or the intermediate world (barzakh) which is not purely spiritual yet. Quoting as proof several passages from the [pseudo-] Aristotelian Uthūlūjiyā and Ibn ‘Arabī's al-Futūhāt al-Makkīyah, he demonstrates the existence of irrational beings in the hereafter and the permeation of the Divine life into lifeless bodies. His thesis that the higher form comprehends all the lower forms in itself enables him to claim the novel idea of the all-inclusive Congregation.