著者

額定其労

出版者

東京大学東洋文化研究所

雑誌

東洋文化研究所紀要 (ISSN:05638089)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.176, pp.95-126, 2020-02

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Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Mongolian nomadic groups came to be divided into two empires, the Russian Empire and the Qing Empire. These two empires had different state structures, political ideolo gies, religious and military policies, and so on. However, how these differences were reflected in the societies of Mongolian nomadic groups are little known. This paper explores the social structure and legal system of the Buryats under Russian rule, and compares them with the case of the Mongols under the Qing Empire. Through examining the case of the Buryats, who have left various laws written in Mongolian script but have been little studied, this paper aims to broaden the scholarship of Mongolian legal history that has so far largely been limited to Qing Mongolia. Furthermore, by comparing the administrative and legal institutions between the Buryats in Russia and the Mongols under the Qing, this article also intends to contribute knowledge to comparative empire studies.

著者

額定其労

出版者

内陸アジア史学会

雑誌

内陸アジア史研究 (ISSN:09118993)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.75-95, 2010-03-31 (Released:2017-10-10)

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This paper delineates the style of judicial documents-from the writing format to the final appearance-of the Alasa Banner (qosiyu) in Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty, and compares them with documents of other banner's. Existing studies of public documents of the Qing Dynasty in Mongolia focus on those exchanged between government offices. They indicate that public documents have an identical physical appearance, which is the folding book type (nuyulburi bicig), and follow a common writing format. To the contrary, judicial documents prepared and preserved by respective banners have never been highlighted in any studies to date. The author characterizes the judicial documents based on four observations: (i) Alasa Banner's judicial documents are unique and maintain a rigid style; (ii) during the Qing Dynasty, local government offices of the banners in Mongolia each prepared and preserved their own judicial documents presumed to vary in writing format and appearance by banner; (iii) judicial documents, with variations in style, are different from the official government documents, which are all identical in writing format and appearance; and (iv) judicial documents and public documents share some rules in writing, such as the use of particular expressions, outdenting (擡頭), changing lines before particular words (平出), and omitting letters (闕字).