文献一覧: 馬渡尚憲 (著者)

8 0 0 0 OA 労働賃金の基礎理論 : 実証主義的考察

著者: 馬渡尚憲
出版者: 経済理論学会
雑誌: 季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.50, no.1, pp.55-67, 2013-04-20 (Released:2017-04-25)

This paper proposes a set of two theories of wages induced from recent Japanese and American data. The first theory is that the demand and supply of labor will determine money wages, instead of real wages. To explain this money wage determination, this paper uses not only a labor demand curve of a representative firm, but also a labor supply curve of a representative household. The former is, not so differently from usual, reasoned from its profit maximization behavior: a firm will determine quantity of demand for labor so as to equalize the value of marginal product with the wage rate plus unit material cost. The latter is, as the worker's indifference preference between his real wage and leisure doesn't hold, deducted from the household's income earning behavior: a household will increase and determine the quantity of supply of employed labor so that its earned income would cover its cost of living. It replaces its useful and necessary unpaid domestic labor with external paid labor in order to earn money wages, which in turn causes additional living expenses as the domestic labor decreases. The supply curve of labor will be usually J-shaped while the demand curve is down-sloped. In the labor market, the equalization of demand for and supply of labor often involves 'the imperfect employment equilibrium', the equilibrium with involuntary unemployment. The second theory is that real wages are determined by three real-term factors: the labor productivity of consumers' goods industry, the household average propensity to consume, and the proportion of number of employees between producers' and consumers' goods industries. This proportion will vary mainly according to the rate of fixed capital investment. Therefore real wages will depend upon both of the two market equilibrium, those of labor market and consumers' goods. In order to demonstrate validity of these theories, besides briefly analyzing the recent Japanese labor market-its persistent trends of money wage decrease and high rate of unemployment, this paper applies the money wage theories to clarifying causes of wages differences among workers of different industries, among workers' various jobs and between male and female workers. Further it is shown that the real wage theory make it possible to explain endogenously the real wages level the existing doctrines of 'exploitation' presuppose as given. The positivist position adopted methodologically in this paper does not mean mere 'falsificationism' but 'verificationism', or rather 'confirmationism', of a theory.

2018-12-09 17:48:58
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1 0 0 0 OA J. S. ミル研究の今後

著者: 馬渡尚憲
出版者: The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought
雑誌: 経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.39, no.39, pp.42-49, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数: 35

This essay addresses what will be studied in regard to J. S. Mill within coming ten years, and the research methods employed. For the present, Mill students are strongly recommended to compare works on Mill by two historians, S. Hollander and S. Mawatari (The Economics of J. S. Mill, only in Japanese), and to draw suggestions regarding the topics and methods to be followed.Hollander's position as a positivist historian is seriously damaged by his adherence to the continuity theorem, continuity from Ricardo to Mill, and continuity from classical to neo-classical economics. The inverse relation of wages and profit via price-mechanism, even if Ricardo had, was not what Mill succeeded from Ricardo. Mill insisted on the inverse relation in real terms. As a result, he paradoxically developed an almost complete theory of the partial equilibrium price-mechanism. Hollander's discussions regarding methodology, social philosophy and economic policies are somewhat too narrow.It follows that there will be four fruitful research topics: First, J. S. Mill's philosophy of science; second, value and distribution in Ricardo and Mill; third, J. S. Mill's theory on the state and the market, and fourth, Mill's position in the history of Utilitarianism from Hume to Sidgwick. The last area is that which I am most interested in.

2021-01-28 09:07:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 序日本の経済学史研究と経済学史学会

著者: 馬渡尚憲
出版者: The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought
雑誌: 経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.38, no.38, pp.1-5, 2000 (Released:2010-08-05)

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought was founded in 1950, five years after World War II. Academic work in the field of economic thought was abundant before the war. The academic attainments in that area were guite high in the 1930s.The classical economics was introduced from the very beginning of the Meiji era. Under the Taisho democracy, via the foundation of the Japanese Society of Social Policy, there appeared two main streams of thought regarding the history of economic thought, the Marx-Kawakami and the Schumpeter-Fukuda schools of thought. Kawakami, pioneer of Marxian economics in Japan, wrote a book on the history of economic thought, which was the biginning of the Marxian type of history of economic thought. Schumpeter and Fukuda had a great influence on neoclassical type of research on the history of economic thought, having a strong effect, for example, on Yasui's works on Walras. As a result, in the 1930s, Japan experienced almost a world class level of research, including many general histories of economic thought. Although World War II interrupted and distorted the development in this field, the Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought was founded successfully by the eminent historians who had worked in the 1930s.