- 著者
- Silvano GALLUS Alessandra LUGO Xiaoqiu LIU Panagiotis BEHRAKIS Roberto BOFFI Cristina BOSETTI Giulia CARRERAS Liliane CHATENOUD Luke CLANCY Xavier CONTINENTE Ruaraidh DOBSON Tobias EFFERTZ Filippos T. FILIPPIDIS Marcela FU Gergana GESHANOVA Giuseppe GORINI Sheila KEOGAN Hristo IVANOV Maria-José LOPEZ Angel LOPEZ-NICOLAS José PRECIOSO Krzysztof PRZEWOZNIAK Cornel RADU-LOGHIN Ario RUPRECHT Sean SEMPLE Joan B SORIANO Polina STARCHENKO Marta TRAPERO-BERTRAN Olena TIGOVA Anna S TZORTZI Constantine VARDAVAS Vergina K VYZIKIDOU Paolo COLOMBO Esteve FERNANDEZ the TackSHS Project Investigators
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.JE20190344, (Released:2020-04-04)
- 参考文献数
- 35
- 被引用文献数
- 51
Background: Population data on tobacco use and its determinants require continuous monitoring and careful inter-country comparison. We aimed to provide the most up-to-date estimates on tobacco smoking from a large cross-sectional survey, conducted in selected European countries.Methods: Within the TackSHS Project, a face-to-face survey on smoking was conducted in 2017-2018 in 12 countries: Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain, representing around 80% of the 432 million European Union (EU) adult population. In each country, a representative sample of around 1,000 subjects aged 15 years and older was interviewed, for a total of 11,902 participants.Results: Overall 25.9% of participants were current smokers (31.0% among men and 21.2% among women, p<0.001), while 16.5% were former smokers. Smoking prevalence ranged from 18.9% in Italy to 37.0% in Bulgaria. It decreased with increasing age (compared to <45, multivariable odds ratio, OR, for ≥65 years was 0.31; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.27-0.36), level of education (OR for low vs. high was 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17-1.48) and self-rated household economic level (OR for low vs. high was 2.05; 95% CI: 1.74-2.42). The same patterns were found in both sexes.Conclusions: These smoking prevalence estimates represent the most up-to-date evidence in Europe. From them it can be derived that there are more than 112 million current smokers in the EU-28. Lower socio-economic status is a major determinant of smoking habit in both sexes.
- 著者
- Silvano Gallus Cristina Bosetti Giuseppe Gorini Chiara Stival Roberto Boffi Alessandra Lugo Giulia Carreras Chiara Veronese Claudia Santucci Roberta Pacifici Biagio Tinghino Vincenzo Zagà Patrizia Russo Maria Sofia Cattaruzza the COSMO-IT Investigators
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.JE20220321, (Released:2023-02-25)
- 参考文献数
- 24
- 被引用文献数
- 4
Background. Despite the robust evidence of an excess risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality in ever smokers, the debate on the role of current and ex-smokers on COVID-19 progression remains open. Limited or no data are available on the link between electronic-cigarette (e-cigarette), heated tobacco product (HTP) and second-hand-smoke (SHS) exposure and COVID-19 progression. To fill this knowledge gap, we undertook the COvid19 and SMOking in ITaly (COSMO-IT) study.Methods. A multi-centre longitudinal study was conducted in 2020-2021 in 24 Italian hospitals on a total of 1820 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. We estimated multivariable odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), to quantify the association between smoking-related behaviours (i.e., smoking status, e-cigarette and HTP use, and SHS exposure) and COVID-19 severity (composite outcome: intubation, intensive care unit admission and death), and mortality.Results. Compared to never smokers, current smokers had an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality (OR=2.17; 95% CI=1.06-4.41). E-cigarette use was non-significantly associated to an increased risk of COVID-19 severity (OR=1.60; 95% CI=0.96-2.67). An increased risk of mortality was observed for exposure to SHS among non-smokers (OR=1.67; 95% CI=1.04-2.68), the risk being particularly evident for exposures of ≥6 hours/day (OR=1.99; 95% CI=1.15-3.44).Conclusions. This multicentric study from Italy shows a dismal COVID-19 progression in current smokers and, for the first time, in SHS exposed non-smokers. These data represent an additional reason to strengthen and enforce effective tobacco control measures and to support smokers in quitting.
- 著者
- Marco Scala Cristina Bosetti Vincenzo Bagnardi Irene Possenti Claudia Specchia Silvano Gallus Alessandra Lugo
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.JE20220206, (Released:2023-03-25)
- 参考文献数
- 49
- 被引用文献数
- 4
BackgroundThe possible association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk has been quite controversial.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available observational studies published on the issue up to January 2020. Random-effects models were used to compute pooled relative risks (RRs) for cigarette smoking status and dose-risk relationships were evaluated using one-stage random-effects dose-response models.ResultsA total of 169 studies were selected, providing a pooled RR for breast cancer of 1.07 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.05-1.10) for current, 1.08 (95% CI 1.06-1.10) for former, and 1.09 (95% CI 1.07-1.11) for ever smokers, compared to never smokers. Results were consistent in case-control and cohort studies. No meaningful differences were observed across strata of most covariates considered, nor according to relevant genetic mutations and polymorphisms (i.e., BRCA mutation, N-acetyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase genotypes, and P53). Breast cancer risk increased linearly with intensity of smoking (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.16, for 20 and 1.26, 95% CI 1.17-1.36 for 40 cigarettes/day), and with increasing duration of smoking (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.08, for 20 and 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.16, for 40 years of smoking).ConclusionsThe present large and comprehensive meta-analysis – conducted using an innovative approach for study search – supports the evidence of causal role of tobacco smoking on breast cancer risk.
- 著者
- Silvano GALLUS Alessandra LUGO Chiara STIVAL Sonia CERRAI Luke CLANCY Filippos T. FILIPPIDIS Giuseppe GORINI Maria José LOPEZ Ángel LÓPEZ-NICOLÁS Sabrina MOLINARO Anna ODONE Joan B. SORIANO Olena TIGOVA Piet A. VAN DEN BRANDT Constantine I. VARDAVAS Esteve FERNANDEZ the TackSHS Project Investigators
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.JE20210329, (Released:2021-11-13)
- 参考文献数
- 44
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Background: Limited data on electronic cigarette prevalence, patterns and settings of use are available from several European countries.Methods: Within the TackSHS project, a face-to-face survey was conducted in 2017-2018 in 12 European countries (Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain). Overall, 11,876 participants, representative of the population aged ≥15 years in each country, provided information on electronic cigarette.Results: 2.4% (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.2-2.7) of the subjects (2.5% among men and 2.4% among women; 0.4% among never, 4.4% among current- and 6.5% among ex-smokers) reported current use of electronic cigarette, ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 7.2% in England. Of the 272 electronic cigarette users, 52.6% were dual users (i.e., users of both electronic and conventional cigarettes) and 58.8% used liquids with nicotine. In all, 65.1% reported using electronic cigarette in at least one indoor setting where smoking is forbidden, in particular in workplaces (34.9%), and bars and restaurants (41.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that electronic cigarette use was lower among older individuals (p for trend <0.001) and higher among individuals with high level of education (p for trend 0.040). Participants from countries with higher tobacco cigarette prices more frequently reported electronic cigarette use (odds ratio 3.62; 95% CI: 1.80-7.30).Conclusions: Considering the whole adult population of these 12 European countries, more than 8.3 million people use electronic cigarettes. The majority of users also smoked conventional cigarettes, used electronic cigarettes with nicotine and consumed electronic cigarettes in smoke-free indoor areas.
- 著者
- Silvano Gallus Alessandra Lugo Chiara Stival Sonia Cerrai Luke Clancy Filippos T. Filippidis Giuseppe Gorini Maria José Lopez Ángel López-Nicolás Sabrina Molinaro Anna Odone Joan B. Soriano Olena Tigova Piet A. van den Brandt Constantine I. Vardavas Esteve Fernandez the TackSHS Project Investigators
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.33, no.6, pp.276-284, 2023-06-05 (Released:2023-06-05)
- 参考文献数
- 44
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Background: Limited data on electronic cigarette prevalence, patterns, and settings of use are available from several European countries.Methods: Within the TackSHS project, a face-to-face survey was conducted in 2017–2018 in 12 European countries (Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain). Overall, 11,876 participants, representative of the population aged ⩾15 years in each country, provided information on electronic cigarette.Results: 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2–2.7%) of the subjects (2.5% among men and 2.4% among women; 0.4% among never, 4.4% among current- and 6.5% among ex-smokers) reported current use of electronic cigarette, ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 7.2% in England. Of the 272 electronic cigarette users, 52.6% were dual users (ie, users of both electronic and conventional cigarettes) and 58.8% used liquids with nicotine. In all, 65.1% reported using electronic cigarette in at least one indoor setting where smoking is forbidden; in particular, at workplaces (34.9%) and bars and restaurants (41.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that electronic cigarette use was lower among older individuals (P for trend <0.001) and higher among individuals with high level of education (P for trend = 0.040). Participants from countries with higher tobacco cigarette prices more frequently reported electronic cigarette use (odds ratio 3.62; 95% CI, 1.80–7.30).Conclusion: Considering the whole adult population of these 12 European countries, more than 8.3 million people use electronic cigarettes. The majority of users also smoked conventional cigarettes, used electronic cigarettes with nicotine, and consumed electronic cigarettes in smoke-free indoor areas.
- 著者
- Silvano GALLUS Alessandra LUGO Xiaoqiu LIU Elisa BORRONI Luke CLANCY Giuseppe GORINI Maria José LOPEZ Anna ODONE Krzysztof PRZEWOZNIAK Olena TIGOVA Piet VAN DEN BRANDT Constantine VARDAVAS Esteve FERNANDEZ the TackSHS Project Investigators
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.JE20200248, (Released:2021-01-16)
- 参考文献数
- 30
- 被引用文献数
- 24
Background Heated tobacco products (HTP) are new forms of tobacco consumption with limited information available on their use among the general population. Our objective is to analyse the prevalence and associations of use of HTP across 11 countries in Europe.Methods Within the TackSHS Project, in 2017-2018 we conducted a cross-sectional study with information on HTP use in the following countries: Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain. In each country, face-to-face interviews were performed on a representative sample of around 1,000 subjects aged ≥15 years, for a total of 10,839 subjects.Results Overall, 27.8% of study participants were aware of HTPs, 1.8% were ever HTP users (ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 8.3% in Greece), and 0.1% were current users. Men were more frequently HTP ever users than women (adjusted odds ratio, aOR=1.47; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.11-1.95). Ever HTP use was inversely related to age (p for trend<0.001) and more frequent in ex-smokers (compared with never smokers, aOR=4.32, 95% CI: 2.69-6.95) and current smokers (aOR=8.35, 95% CI: 5.67-12.28), and in electronic cigarette past users (compared with never users, aOR=5.48, 95% CI: 3.46-8.68) and current users (aOR=5.92, 95% CI: 3.73-9.40).Conclusions In 2017-2018, HTP use was still limited in Europe among the general population, however the dual use of these products, their high use among younger generations and the interest of non-smokers in these products are worrying and indicate the need for close monitoring in terms of prevalence and the characteristics of users.
- 著者
- Silvano Gallus Alessandra Lugo Xiaoqiu Liu Elisa Borroni Luke Clancy Giuseppe Gorini Maria José Lopez Anna Odone Krzysztof Przewozniak Olena Tigova Piet A. van den Brandt Constantine Vardavas Esteve Fernandez the TackSHS Project Investigators
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.32, no.3, pp.139-144, 2022-03-05 (Released:2022-03-05)
- 参考文献数
- 30
- 被引用文献数
- 8 24
Background: Heated tobacco products (HTP) are new forms of tobacco consumption with limited information available on their use among the general population. Our objective was to analyze the prevalence and associations of use of HTP across 11 countries in Europe.Methods: Within the TackSHS Project, in 2017–2018 we conducted a cross-sectional study with information on HTP use in the following countries: Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain. In each country, face-to-face interviews were performed on a representative sample of around 1,000 subjects aged ≥15 years, for a total of 10,839 subjects.Results: Overall, 27.8% of study participants were aware of HTPs, 1.8% were ever HTP users (ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 8.3% in Greece), and 0.1% were current users. Men were more frequently HTP ever users than women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–1.95). Ever HTP use was inversely related to age (P for trend <0.001) and more frequent in ex-smokers (compared with never smokers, aOR 4.32; 95% CI, 2.69–6.95) and current smokers (aOR 8.35; 95% CI, 5.67–12.28), and in electronic cigarette past users (compared with never users, aOR 5.48; 95% CI, 3.46–8.68) and current users (aOR 5.92; 95% CI, 3.73–9.40).Conclusions: In 2017–2018, HTP use was still limited in Europe among the general population; however, the dual use of these products, their high use among younger generations, and the interest of non-smokers in these products are worrying and indicate the need for close monitoring in terms of prevalence and the characteristics of users.