- 著者
- Tze-Kiong Er Eing-Mei Tsai Li-Yu Tsai Ying-Chin Ko Jau-Nan Lee
- 出版者
- The Japanese Society of Toxicology
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.31, no.1, pp.75-82, 2006 (Released:2006-03-10)
- 参考文献数
- 46
- 被引用文献数
- 9 9
Semen samples were obtained from 30 volunteers who had never consumed betel quid. Swim-up spermatozoa from the 30 seminal samples of non-betel quid chewers and also non-smokers, usually not exposed to passive smoking, were treated in vitro with arecoline at different concentrations to evaluate the action of these drugs on sperm motility. Highly motile sperms were collected and divided into 5 equal fractions. Four fractions were supplemented with various concentrations of arecoline and one as control. The study was carried out at time 0 and +1, +2, +3 and +4 hr of incubation. Sperm cells were also extracted and blotted with COX-2 antibody after arecoline treatment after 4 hr incubation. The sperm motility parameters, i.e., motility, average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity and linearity, were significantly decreased after arecoline treatment. In vitro, arecoline induces the COX-2 expression of sperm cells in a dose-dependent manner. This is the first report to demonstrate that arecoline may mediate COX-2 expression in human sperms, resulting in inflammation response. This situation may act on the structure responsible for the flagellar motion and cause the reduction of sperm motility.
- 著者
- Chin Ko
- 巻号頁・発行日
- 1996
In this dissertation,optimal memory and processor allocation algorithms for parallel database processing are presented. Optimal memory allocation is one of the most important factors for preforming effective database query processing. In this dissertation, we discuss the memory resource allocation problem for the parallel database processing in the shared memory and distributed environments. We first introduce a stream-oriented parallel database processing scheme. This scheme has been designed for supporting advanced database applications in general purpose parallel processing environments. Then, we present formulas to describe the memory allocation problem for the stream-oriented parallel processing. After that, we prove two theorems for the optimal memory allocation problem. Finally, we present two new memory allocation algorithms for the stream-oriented parallel processing. By our algorithms, the optimal memory allocation is obtained for various databese queries in shared memory parallel processig environments and distributed processing environments. Another important factor for efficient parallel database processing is to allocate processors optimaly. In general, the optimal processor allocation of the parallel processing is NP-complete for distributed memory multiprocessor systems in which their communication network architectures are fixed. In order to reduce the complexity of the optimal processor allocatin, a reconfigurable multiprocessor system architecture PCVT is proposed. In the PCVT multiprocessor system, each processing element consists of a processor and a private memory. The processing elements are connected by a reconfigurable communication network. The significant characteristic of the PCVT system is that a physical communication path can be established dynamically between any two processing elements by the topology reconfiguration of the communication network. The architecture of the PCVT system, the topology reconfigration method of the communication network and a topology structure generation algorithm are presented in this dissertation. Finally, a processor allocation algorithm is presented.