- 著者
- Iida Noriho Nakamoto Yasunari Baba Tomohisa Nakagawa Hidetoshi Mizukoshi Eishiro Naito Makoto Mukaida Naofumi Kaneko Shuichi
- 出版者
- American Association for Cancer Research
- 雑誌
- Cancer Research (ISSN:00085472)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.70, no.16, pp.6556-6565, 2010-08-15
Several chemokines are used for immunotherapy against cancers because they can attract immune cells such as dendritic and cytotoxic T cells to augment immune responses. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is used to locally eliminate cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), renal cell carcinoma, and lung cancer. Because HCC often recurs even after an eradicative treatment with RFA, additional immunotherapy is necessary. We treated tumor-bearing mice by administering ECI301, an active variant of CC chemokine ligand 3, after RFA. Mice were injected s.c. with BNL 1ME A.7R.1, a murine hepatoma cell line, in the bilateral flank. After the tumor became palpable, RFA was done on the tumor of one flank with or without ECI301. RFA alone eliminated the treated ipsilateral tumors and retarded the growth of contralateral non-RFA-treated tumors accompanied by massive T-cell infiltration. Injection of ECI301 augmented RFA-induced antitumor effect against non-RFA-treated tumors when administered to wild-type or CCR5-deficient but not CCR1-deficient mice. ECI301 also increased CCR1-expressing CD11c+ cells in peripheral blood and RFA-treated tumors after RFA. Deficiency of CCR1 impairs accumulation of CD11c+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells in RFA-treated tumors. Furthermore, in IFN-ã-enzyme-linked immunospot assay, ECI301 augmented tumor-specific responses after RFA whereas deficiency of CCR1 abolished this augmentation. Thus, we proved that ECI301 further augments RFA-induced antitumor immune responses in a CCR1-dependent manner. ©2010 AACR.
- 著者
- Adachi Takanori Miura Ryozo Nakagawa Hidetoshi
- 出版者
- Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
- 雑誌
- Journal of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo (ISSN:13405705)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.20, no.1, 2013-07-11
We introduce a stochastic process called a follower process consisting of a non-decreasing sequence of random times ft whose values do not exceed t. It was originally introduced for representing information delay in structural credit risk models. The follower process is an extension of a time change process introduced by Guo, Jarrow and Zeng in the sense that each component of the follower process is not required to be a stopping time. We introduce a class of follower processes called idempotent, which contains natural examples including follower processes driven by renewal processes. We show that any idempotent follower process is hard to be an example of time change processes. We define a filtration modulated by the follower process and show that it is a natural extension of the continuously delayed filtration that is the filtration modulated by the time change process. We show that conditional expectations given idempotent follower filtrations have some Markov property in a binomial setting, which is useful for pricing defaultable financial instruments.