著者

Qin XU Peter HOLLINGSWORTH Katharine SMITH

出版者

THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES

雑誌

TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES (ISSN:05493811)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.4, pp.175-183, 2019 (Released:2019-07-04)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3

---

The rapid developments in micro-technologies and the introduction of modularity and standardization into system designs, present significant opportunities for cost reduction in the design and development of satellite systems. However, the high cost of space launch has become a major hindrance to capitalizing on these opportunities. Therefore, seeking appropriate launch opportunities and reducing launch costs might contribute to further growth of the space market. This paper focuses on the analysis of dedicated launch costs factoring in the effect of launch reliability, which in return, can enable the optimization of system designs. Applying a value-centric architecture, system characteristic space is introduced as the design space to define the characteristics of different systems. Based on our launch vehicle database, the launch cost and reliability of different families of launch vehicles are investigated, where the reliability is calculated using a modified two-level Bayesian analysis. The factors of launch cost and reliability are subsequently integrated into the expected launch cost, acting as the objective function for the analysis and optimization process associated with the manufacturing cost of satellites. Through reviewing and redesigning a few classical launch cases, the effectiveness and applicability of the design architecture proposed are validated.

著者

Wenqing Zhu Xiaoguang Luo Atif Adnan Peifu Yu Siyi Zhang Zhixin Huo Qin Xu Hao Pang

出版者

The Genetics Society of Japan

雑誌

Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-00038, (Released:2018-03-30)

被引用文献数

6

---

Genome-wide association studies have reported numerous candidate loci associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). NUCKS1 and INPP5K are two such candidate loci, although they have rarely been reported in Asian populations. To explore these potential genes for PD susceptibility, we investigated the association between PD and two SNPs, rs823114 and rs1109303, located on the NUCKS1 and INPP5K genes, respectively, in the Han population of northern China. We genotyped the two SNPs using the multiplex PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique. A total of 685 subjects including 322 sporadic PD patients and 363 healthy controls were recruited from the population. After Bonferroni correction, our results suggested that there was a significant association of a minor allele (G) in rs823114 with reduced risk of PD development (P = 0.017, OR = 0.768, 95%CI = 0.618 - 0.955), and the difference in genotypes between the PD patients and healthy controls was significant under the dominant model (GA+GG vs. AA). After stratification by gender, males had a lower risk than females (P = 0.008, OR = 0.666, 95%CI = 0.495 - 0.898). However, the distribution of genotype frequency exhibited no significant differences between the PD and control groups (P > 0.025) in INPP5K rs1109303 (P = 0.048, OR = 0.806, 95%CI = 0.650 - 0.998). We conclude that NUCKS1 rs823114 indicates a decreased risk of susceptibility to PD and shows a male genetic distribution bias in the Han Chinese population.