著者

Takahiro Watanabe Yohei Kataoka Kyoko Hayashi Rieko Matsuda Chikako Uneyama

出版者

Food Safety Commission, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan

雑誌

Food Safety (ISSN:21878404)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.83-101, 2022 (Released:2022-09-23)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

8

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Some countries have conducted a total diet study (TDS) focused on the estimation of specific trace elements. Although some results of a Japanese TDS examining trace elements were published, there have been no reports of a nationwide TDS across Japan over a multi-year period to estimate the level of exposure to multiple elements. In the present study, a TDS using a market basket approach was performed to estimate the dietary exposure levels of the general population of Japan to 15 elements, including aluminum (Al), total arsenic (tAs), boron (B), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), total mercury (THg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), tin (Sn), and uranium (U). Samples prepared in eight regions across Japan over a 6-year period were analyzed using validated methods. The robust mean exposure estimates for Al, tAs, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, THg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and U were 48, 4.2, 29, 8.6, 0.35, 0.17, 0.49, 0.14, 4.2, 2.8, 0.15, 0.022, 1.8, 0.10, and 0.021 μg/kg body weight/day, respectively. Although the variability in exposure estimates varied greatly from element to element, the relative standard deviations calculated from the robust means and robust standard deviations were ≤ 50% for all elements except Sn. Compared against the health-based guidance values, none of the robust and precise estimates obtained for the target elements would be associated with urgent health risk concern. In addition, the estimated exposure levels were generally in agreement with previously reported estimates, indicating that health risks associated with exposure to these elements have not changed markedly nationwide in Japan in recent years.

著者

Hiromi Nabeshi Tomoaki Tsutsumi Masaaki Imamura Yoshinori Uekusa Akiko Hachisuka Rieko Matsuda Reiko Teshima Hiroshi Akiyama

出版者

Food Safety Commission, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan

雑誌

Food Safety (ISSN:21878404)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.97-114, 2020 (Released:2020-12-25)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

7

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Radionuclide contamination in foods has been a great concern after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. To estimate time trends of daily intake and annual committed effective dose of radionuclides after the accident, radioactive cesium (r-Cs; 134Cs and 137Cs) and potassium-40 (40K) in market basket (MB) samples prepared at 6-month intervals in periods from September 2013 to March 2019 in 15 regions of Japan were analyzed using γ-ray spectrometry. The annual committed effective dose of r-Cs, calculated at non-detected radionuclide levels assumed to be half the limit of detection (LOD), appeared to decrease gradually in 11 regions close to the FDNPP that were more likely to be affected by the accident. Differences in doses among the 15 regions were large just after the accident, but gradually decreased. In particular, 134Cs has not been detected in any MB sample in any region since September 2018, and annual committed effective dose from 134Cs in all regions was mostly constant at around 0.3 μSv/year (given the respective LODs). The maximum annual committed effective dose of r-Cs in this study was decreased from 2.7 μSv/year in September 2013 to 1.0 μSv/year in March 2019. In contrast, the range of annual committed effective dose of 40K varied from approximately 150 to 200 μSv/year during that time frame and did not change much throughout the period of this study. Although annual committed effective doses of r-Cs in regions close to the FDNPP appeared to be higher than in regions far from the FDNPP, doses in all regions are remaining at a much lower levels than the intervention exemption level, 1 mSv/year, in foods in Japan.