著者

Yoshihito Yagyu Satoshi Tsuji Saburoh Satoh Chobei Yamabe

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

電気学会論文誌A(基礎・材料・共通部門誌) (ISSN:03854205)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.8, pp.656-662, 2005 (Released:2005-11-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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The apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, brought to Japan from Taiwan for human consumption in the 1980s, has come to be considered as deleterious for rice cultivation. The snail is unable to injure young rice plants while receiving electric shock because the snail retracts its entire body into its shell and shuts its aperture with its operculum. Electric shock should be applied intermittently to reduce the amount of energy that is wasted when the snail is in its shell made of one of the insulator. The minimum electric shock required for controlling snails and the time required for movement after application of electric shock to determine the frequency of each electric shock were investigated using two methods; vertical and horizontal application of the electrical stimulation. The results showed that there is a strong correlation between the strength of electric shock and the reaction of the snails, and electric shock made snails inactive when it was applied 0.35 A/m2 in the horizontal direction and 0.45 A/m2 in the vertical direction with water of 11 mS/m. A positive correlation was also found between electric shock and the reaction of the snails and shell height. In comparison with larger snails, the smaller snails had higher threshold levels against electric current density because their shorter feet tended to have lower voltage dorp. Moreover, the frequency of electric shock should be chosen the minimum duration for the inactive condition, and it was approximately 10 seconds. Consequently the direction of electric current should be in the horizontal direction above 0.35 A/m2 and the frequency of electric shock should be less than 10 seconds for practical use. However, electric shock would have to be maintained at greater than 0.35 A/m2 because snails might become habituated to electric shock and water in paddy field would have high electric conductivity.

著者

Hiroshi Iwasaki Masaki Wakamatsu Kazunari Sugihara Kyohei Kamio Satoshi Tsuji Junya Morita Yasuhiro Kurihara Tomoko Izumi Tomohiro Nishimoto Kohnosuke Kinoshita Yutaka Nakanishi Minoru Sasaki

出版者

The Japanese Society of Toxicology

雑誌

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.201-218, 2020 (Released:2020-04-01)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2

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TP0446131, developed as an antidepressant agent, was found to cause lenticular opacity in a 13-week repeated-dose study in dogs. Histopathologically, the lenticular opacity was observed as a degeneration of the lens fibers, characterized by irregularity in the ordered arrangement of the fibers which is necessary to maintain the transparency of the lens, and was considered to manifest clinically as cataract. To evaluate the development mechanism of the lenticular opacity, the chemical constituents of the lens, which is known to be associated with the development of cataract, were examined. The results of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed an increase in the amplitudes of 3 unknown peaks in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the lens, with no remarkable changes in the other chemical components tested. In addition, the content of cholesterol, alterations of which have been reported to be associated with cataract, remained unchanged. The mass spectral data and chromatographic behavior of the 3 peaks indicated that these peaks corresponded to sterol-related substances, and that one of them was 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor of cholesterol biosynthesis. This finding suggested that TP0446131 exerts some effects on the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, which could be involved in the development of the cataracts. Furthermore, increases in the levels of these sterol-related substances were also detected in the serum, and were, in fact, noted prior to the onset of the cataract, suggesting the possibility that these substances in the serum could be used as potential safety biomarkers for predicting the onset of cataract induced by TP0446131.