- 著者
- Takahiro Nakajima Shinsuke Yoshioka Senshi Fukashiro
- 出版者
- Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences
- 雑誌
- International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.202305, (Released:2023-08-04)
- 参考文献数
- 30
This study aims to investigate the kinetic mechanisms of controlling the whole-body linear momentum (WBLM) and whole-body angular momentum around the whole-body center of mass (WBAM) in the single-support phase after tripping during gait. Twelve young participants were made to trip during gait, and the kinematics and kinetics of their recovery responses were recorded using a 17-camera motion capture system and force platform. We found that the knee-flexion torque of the support leg dominantly contributed to the decrease in the forward WBAM increased owing to tripping, whereas this torque caused a significant forward WBLM at foot landing. The ankle-plantarflexion torque of the support leg contributed to the prevention of the body descent in the first half of this phase, although this effect decreased in the later phase, resulting in the increase in the downward WBLM at foot landing. The ankle-plantarflexion torque also contributed to the increase in the forward WBLM at foot landing. These results indicate that the ankle- and knee-joint torque exertions of the support leg are the main contributors to the change in WBLM and WBAM in the single-support phase after tripping during gait. This study also suggests that there is a trade-off relationship between the control of WBLM and WBAM, and younger adults prioritize the WBAM adjustment during this phase.
- 著者
- Senshi Fukashiro Thor F. Besier Rod Barrett Jodie Cochrane Akinori Nagano David G. Lloyd
- 出版者
- Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences
- 雑誌
- International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.3, no.Special_Issue_2005, pp.272-279, 2005 (Released:2008-01-23)
- 参考文献数
- 29
- 被引用文献数
- 22 36
The purpose of this study was to perform a detailed kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic comparison of maximal effort horizontal and vertical jumping. It was of particular interest to identify factors responsible for the control of jump direction. Eight male subjects performed maximal horizontal jumps (HJ) and vertical jumps (VJ) from a standing posture with a counter movement. Three-dimensional motion of the trunk, pelvis, and bilateral thigh, shank, and foot segments were recorded together with bilateral ground reaction forces and electromyographic (EMG) activity from seven right leg muscles. Relative to the VJ, the trunk is displaced further forward at the beginning of the HJ, through greater ankle joint dorsiflexion and knee extension. The activity of the biarticular rectus femoris and hamstrings were adapted to jump direction and helped to tune the hip and knee joint torques to the requirements of the task. The primary difference in joint torques between the two jumps was for the knee joint, with the extension moment reduced in the HJ, consistent with differences in activation levels of the biarticular rectus femoris and hamstrings. Activity of the mono-articular knee extensors was adapted to jump direction in terms of timing rather than peak amplitude. Overall results of this study suggest that jump direction is controlled by a combination of trunk orientation at the beginning of the push-off and the relative activation levels of the biarticular rectus femoris and hamstring muscles during the push-off.
- 著者
- Natsuki Sado Shinsuke Yoshioka Senshi Fukashiro
- 出版者
- Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences
- 雑誌
- International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.15, pp.111-119, 2017 (Released:2018-02-15)
- 参考文献数
- 21
- 被引用文献数
- 15
We examine the advantages of a non-orthogonal joint coordinate system (JCS) in calculating each anatomical torque's power through comparison with a segment coordinate system (SCS) of the distal segment. To clarify the differences between coordinate systems, kinematic data were collected from 12 male participants swinging their legs laterally and anteriorly under two conditions: the toe facing forward and facing laterally. The mechanical power and work exerted by each hip anatomical torque in JCS and SCS were calculated. With the toe facing forward, there is no significant difference between the two methods. The largest energy generators were abduction torque for lateral swing and flexion torque for anterior swing. With the toe facing laterally, in JCS, these results were consistent for both lateral swing (abduction: 0.21±0.06 J/kg; flexion: 0.06±0.04 J/kg) and anterior swing (flexion: 0.35±0.09 J/kg; adduction: 0.01±0.01 J/kg). However, in SCS, the largest energy generator for lateral swing changed from abduction (0.08±0.07 J/kg) to flexion torque (0.22±0.12 J/kg). For anterior swing, the hip adduction torque generated as large energy (0.14±0.08 J/kg) as hip flexion torque (0.20±0.08 J/kg) in SCS. Therefore, although SCS resulted in an inconsistency between power generator and movement due to hip external rotation, JCS avoided it, regardless of leg position, allowing JCS to investigate the power generation/absorption of each anatomical torque, particularly during long axial rotation.
- 著者
- Natsuki Sado Shinsuke Yoshioka Senshi Fukashiro
- 出版者
- Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences
- 雑誌
- International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.201712, (Released:2017-10-11)
- 参考文献数
- 21
- 被引用文献数
- 15
We examine the advantages of a non-orthogonal joint coordinate system (JCS) in calculating each anatomical torque's power through comparison with a segment coordinate system (SCS) of the distal segment. To clarify the differences between coordinate systems, kinematic data were collected from 12 male participants swinging their legs laterally and anteriorly under two conditions: the toe facing forward and facing laterally. The mechanical power and work exerted by each hip anatomical torque in JCS and SCS were calculated. With the toe facing forward, there is no significant difference between the two methods. The largest energy generators were abduction torque for lateral swing and flexion torque for anterior swing. With the toe facing laterally, in JCS, these results were consistent for both lateral swing (abduction: 0.21 ± 0.06 J/kg; flexion: 0.06 ± 0.04 J/kg) and anterior swing (flexion: 0.35 ± 0.09 J/kg; adduction: 0.01 ± 0.01 J/kg). However, in SCS, the largest energy generator for lateral swing changed from abduction (0.08 ± 0.07 J/kg) to flexion torque (0.22 ± 0.12 J/kg). For anterior swing, the hip adduction torque generated as large energy (0.14 ± 0.08 J/kg) as hip flexion torque (0.20 ± 0.08 J/kg) in SCS. Therefore, although SCS resulted in an inconsistency between power generator and movement due to hip external rotation, JCS avoided it, regardless of leg position, allowing JCS to investigate the power generation/absorption of each anatomical torque, particularly during long axial rotation.