- 著者
- Takashi Oshio Satoshi Shimizutani
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.JE20210030, (Released:2021-05-15)
- 参考文献数
- 34
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Background: Encouraging older adults to continue working longer would be a realistic solution to the shrinking labor force, which is a result of the aging population. This study examined whether working longer improves the health of older adults.Methods: We used repeated cross-sectional data from 1,483,591 individuals aged 55–69 years collected from 11 waves of a nationwide population-based survey conducted in Japan from 1986 to 2016. We estimated pooled regression models to explain health outcomes by work status, controlling for potential endogeneity biases. Based on the estimation results, we conducted simulations to predict the health impact of policy measures that encourage older adults to participate in the labor force.Results: The regression analysis showed that work status had a mixed health impact. For example, work reduced the probability of poor self-rated health by 6.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.2–7.2) percentage points and increased that of psychological distress by 12.2 (95% CI: 11.3–13.1) percentage points. The simulation results showed that raising both the mandatory retirement age and eligibility age for claiming public pension benefits to 70 years would increase the employment rate by 27.8 (standard deviation [SD]: 4.2) percentage points among those aged 65–69 years, which would reduce their probability of poor self-rated health by 1.8 (SD: 0.4) percentage points and raise that of psychological distress by 4.1 (SD: 0.8) percentage points for that age group.Conclusions: The results suggest the need to pay attention to the health outcomes of policy measures that encourage older adults to work longer.
- 著者
- Takashi Oshio
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.30, no.9, pp.412-419, 2020-09-05 (Released:2020-09-05)
- 参考文献数
- 34
- 被引用文献数
- 2 3
Background: A growing amount of evidence demonstrates the adverse impacts of economic downturns on population health. However, the extent to which the macroeconomic conditions at labor market entry affect health outcomes in later life remains relatively understudied. This study focused on the health outcomes of the cohort who entered the labor market during the “employment ice age” (EIA; 1993–2004) in Japan, when young people had difficulty finding jobs after graduating from college or high school.Methods: We used repeated cross-sectional data (N = 3,054,782; 1,500,618 men and 1,554,164 women) obtained from an 11-wave population-based nationwide survey conducted every 3 years from 1986 through 2016. We considered three health outcomes: being in hospital, subjective symptoms, and self-rated health (SRH). We employed two types of statistical analyses: an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis, which controlled for age and period (wave) effects, and a difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis, in which the EIA experience was regarded as a treatment.Results: The APC analysis confirmed the relative disadvantage of the EIA cohort for all three outcomes; for instance, the odds ratio of poor SRH for the EIA cohort was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–1.38) for men and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.17–1.34) for women. The DiD analysis confirmed the robustness of these results, especially for men.Conclusions: The results underscored the lingering impact of the macroeconomic conditions at labor market entry on health outcomes in later life in Japan.
- 著者
- Takashi Oshio Satoshi Shimizutani
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.33, no.1, pp.15-22, 2023-01-05 (Released:2023-01-05)
- 参考文献数
- 34
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Background: Encouraging older adults to continue working longer would be a realistic solution to the shrinking labor force, which is a result of the aging population. This study examined whether working longer improves the health of older adults.Methods: We used repeated cross-sectional data from 1,483,591 individuals aged 55–69 years collected from 11 waves of a nationwide population-based survey conducted in Japan from 1986 to 2016. We estimated pooled regression models to explain health outcomes by work status, controlling for potential endogeneity biases. Based on the estimation results, we conducted simulations to predict the health impact of policy measures that encourage older adults to participate in the labor force.Results: The regression analysis showed that work status had a mixed health impact. For example, work reduced the probability of poor self-rated health by 6.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.2–7.2) percentage points and increased that of psychological distress by 12.2 (95% CI, 11.3–13.1) percentage points. The simulation results showed that raising both the mandatory retirement age and eligibility age for claiming public pension benefits to 70 years would increase the employment rate by 27.8 (standard deviation [SD], 4.2) percentage points among those aged 65–69 years, which would reduce their probability of poor self-rated health by 1.8 (SD, 0.4) percentage points and raise that of psychological distress by 4.1 (SD, 0.8) percentage points for that age group.Conclusion: The results suggest the need to pay attention to the health outcomes of policy measures that encourage older adults to work longer.
- 著者
- Takashi Oshio
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.32, no.8, pp.363-369, 2022-08-05 (Released:2022-08-05)
- 参考文献数
- 43
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Background: Enhanced female labor force participation is raising the importance of grandparents’ caring for their grandchildren. However, previous studies have reported mixed results of the association between grandchild care and grandparents’ health.Methods: Longitudinal data of 33,204 individuals born between 1946 and 1955 were collected from a 14-wave nationwide panel survey conducted from 2005 to 2018. We examined how caring for at least one co-residing grandchild aged <6 years was associated with grandparents’ psychological distress (defined by five or higher Kessler 6 score) and poor self-rated health in pooled cross-sectional, fixed-effects, and 3-year follow-up logistic models.Results: While pooled cross-sectional models showed a positive association between grandchild care and grandparents’ health, the fixed-effects or follow-up logistic models did not find any significant association between them. In the case of grandmothers, the odds ratio of reporting psychological distress in response to caring for grandchildren was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–1.08) and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.85–1.27) observed from fixed-effects and 3-year follow-up models, respectively, compared to 0.86 (95% CI, 0.81–0.91) in the pooled cross-sectional model. Similar patterns were observed for self-rated health for grandmothers, while grandfathers’ health outcomes were not sensitive to grandchild care. These results contrasted with those of caring for parents, which had almost consistently a negative association with grandparents’ health.Conclusion: The results suggest that caring for grandchildren does not have a beneficial or detrimental effect on grandparents’ health.
- 著者
- Takashi OSHIO
- 出版者
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- 雑誌
- Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.JE20200071, (Released:2020-05-23)
- 参考文献数
- 32
- 被引用文献数
- 1
Background: The “retired husband syndrome” refers to the negative impact of the husband’s retirement on the wife’s health. This study provided new insights by examining whether and to what extent the wife’s social participation, interactions with her husband, and job status prior to her husband’s retirement affected the evolution of her mental health after her husband’s retirement.Methods: We collected data from a 12-wave nationwide panel survey conducted from 2005 to 2016, starting with individuals aged 50–59 years. Focusing on 3,794 female respondents whose husbands retired during the survey period, we applied random-effects linear regression models to investigate the evolution of their mental health as measured by the Kessler 6 (K6) score (range: 0–24; M: 3.41 SD: 4.11) during the five years after their husbands’ retirement.Results: On average, the wife’s K6 score rose by 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–0.28), 0.18 (95% CI: 0.03–0.34), and 0.19 (95% CI: –0.02–0.43) in the first three years, respectively, after the husband’s retirement, before declining toward the baseline level. However, the wife’s active social participation, intense interactions with her husband, and absence of paid employment before her husband’s retirement prevented her mental health from deteriorating.Conclusion: The results suggest the limited relevance of the “retired husband syndrome” among middle-aged Japanese couples. The effects of a husband’s retirement on the wife’s mental health depended heavily on her prior behavior.