- 著者
- Yoshizawa Kazunori Ferreira Rodrigo L. Kamimura Yoshitaka Lienhard Charles
- 出版者
- Elsevier
- 雑誌
- Current Biology (ISSN:09609822)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.24, no.9, pp.1006-1010, 2014-05
- 被引用文献数
- 55
Sex-specific elaborations are common in animals and have attracted the attention of many biologists, including Darwin [1]. It is accepted that sexual selection promotes the evolution of sex-specific elaborations. Due to the faster replenishment rate of gametes, males generally have higher potential reproductive and optimal mating rates than females. Therefore, sexual selection acts strongly on males [2], leading to the rapid evolution and diversification of male genitalia [3]. Male genitalia are sometimes used as devices for coercive holding of females as a result of sexual conflict over mating [4 and 5]. In contrast, female genitalia are usually simple. Here we report the reversal of intromittent organs in the insect genus Neotrogla (Psocodea: Prionoglarididae) from Brazilian caves. Females have a highly elaborate, penis-like structure, the gynosome, while males lack an intromittent organ. The gynosome has species-specific elaborations, such as numerous spines that fit species-specific pouches in the simple male genital chamber. During prolonged copulation (∼40–70 hr), a large and potentially nutritious ejaculate is transferred from the male via the gynosome. The correlated genital evolution in Neotrogla is probably driven by reversed sexual selection with females competing for seminal gifts. Nothing similar is known among sex-role reversed animals.
- 著者
- Yamagishi Ayaka Yao Izumi Johnson Kevin P. Yoshizawa Kazunori
- 出版者
- Zoological Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- Zoological Science (ISSN:02890003)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.31, no.6, pp.383-389, 2014-06
- 被引用文献数
- 6 2
Data from gene sequences and morphological structures were collected for the gull feather lice, Saemundssonia lari, Quadraceps punctatus, and Q. ornatus, parasitizing Larus crassirostris and L. schistisagus. Saemundssonia lari was collected from both gull species, and no detectable morphological and genetic differences were found between lice collected from the two different hosts. In contrast, Q. punctatus was only collected from L. crassirostris, whereas Q. ornatus was only collected from L. schistisagus. The two Quadraceps species were genetically highly divergent, and body-size differences corresponding to the gull's body size (Harrison's rule) were also detected between them. Both Quadraceps species were collected from the interbarb of the remex or rectrix, and a match in body size between the louse and the interbarb space may be important in escape from host preening defenses. In contrast, Saemundssonia is a head louse, inhabiting the finer feathers of the head and neck, which the bird cannot preen. A close match to host body size may be less important for lice in the head microhabitat. The differences in the pattern of host-specificity between Saemundssonia and Quadraceps on the two focal host species of this study were probably due to their different microhabitat preferences. More broadly, comparisons of the gene sequences of S. lari and Q. punctatus to those from other gull hosts showed that genetically almost undifferentiated populations of both species were distributed on wide range of gull species. Frequent interspecific hybridization of gulls is one possible factor that may allow these lice to maintain gene flow across multiple host species.
- 著者
- Yoshizawa Kazunori
- 出版者
- The Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
- 雑誌
- Insecta matsumurana. New series : Journal of the Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University, series entomology. (ISSN:00201804)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.78, pp.21-25, 2022-09
A new species of the genus Trichadenotecnum (Psocodea: Psocidae) belonging to the corniculum species group,Trichadenotecnum okuyamai, was described from Awajishima Island, Japan. This is the 25th species of the genus and the third species of the corniculum group recorded from Japan.
- 著者
- Tsai Jing-Fu Kudo Shin-ichi Yoshizawa Kazunori
- 出版者
- BioMed Central
- 雑誌
- BMC Evolutionary Biology (ISSN:14712148)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.15, pp.258, 2015-11-19
- 被引用文献数
- 5
Background: Maternal care (egg-nymph guarding behavior) has been recorded in some genera of Acanthosomatidae. However, the origin of the maternal care in the family has remained unclear due to the lack of phylogenetic hypotheses. Another reproductive mode is found in non-caring species whose females smear their eggs before leaving them. They possess pairs of complex organs on the abdominal venter called Pendergrast’s organ (PO) and spread the secretion of this organ onto each egg with their hind legs, which is supposed to provide a protective function against enemies. Some authors claim that the absence of PO may be associated with the presence of maternal care. No study, however, has tested this hypothesis of a correlated evolution between the two traits. Results: We reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Acanthosomatinae using five genetic markers sequenced from 44 species and one subspecies with and without maternal care. Eight additional species from the other two acanthosomatid subfamilies were included as outgroups. Our results indicated that maternal care has evolved independently at least three times within Acanthosomatinae and once in the outgroup species. Statistical tests for correlated evolution showed that the presence of maternal care is significantly correlated with the secondary loss or reduction of PO. Ancestral state reconstruction for the node of Acanthosoma denticaudum (a non-caring species in which egg smearing with developed POs occurs) and A. firmatum (a caring species with reduced POs) suggested egg smearing was still present in their most recent common ancestor and that maternal care in A. firmatum has evolved relatively recently. Conclusions: We showed that maternal care is an apomorphic trait that has arisen multiple times from the presence of PO within the subfamily Acanthosomatinae. The acquisition of maternal care is correlated with the reduction or loss of PO, which suggests an evolutionary trade-off between the two traits resulting from physiological costs. This prediction also implies that presence of maternal care can be highly expected for those groups lacking behavioral data, which invariably also lack the organ. No secondary loss of maternal care was detected in the present tree. We suggest that the loss of maternal care may be suppressed due to the vulnerability of the PO-free condition, which thus maintains maternal care.
- 著者
- Yoshizawa Kazunori Yamamoto Shuhei
- 出版者
- The Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
- 雑誌
- Insecta matsumurana. New series : Journal of the Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University, series entomology. (ISSN:00201804)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.77, pp.1-15, 2021-10
We describe a new psocid genus and species, Burmesopsocus lienhardi Yoshizawa, based on a fossil specimen embedded in mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber. Phylogenetic analysis based on the morphological data strongly suggest that the species is a member of the suborder Psocomorpha and may belong to the infraorder Homilopsocidea. However, its familial placement could not be determined. Therefore, this species is treated here as incertae sedis within Homilopsocidea without assigning it to any known family. This is the oldest fossil record of Psocomorpha and represents the first occurrence of the suborder from Kachin amber. The present discovery of a mid-Cretaceous homilopsocid species will contribute greatly to calibrating the time tree of Psocodea.
- 著者
- YOSHIZAWA Kazunori Yoshizawa Kazunori
- 出版者
- FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
- 雑誌
- Insecta matsumurana. New series : journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University, series entomology. (ISSN:00201804)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.62, pp.1-44, 2005-12
Adult integumental morphology of the suborder Psocomorpha (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera') was examined, and homologies and transformation series of characters throughout the suborder and Psocoptera were discussed. These examinations formed the basis of the recent morphology-based cladistic analysis of the Psocomorpha (Yoshizawa, 2002, Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 136: 371–400).
- 著者
- Yoshizawa Kazunori
- 出版者
- Entomological Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- Entomological science (ISSN:13438786)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.3, no.4, pp.669-674, 2000-12-25
Mepleres suzukii (Okamoto, 1910) (Psocoptera: Pseudocaeciliidae) was redescribed. Mepleres Enderlein, 1926 had been incorrectly treated by some authors as an invalid synonym of Pseudoscottiella Badonnel, 1946. Thus, Pseudoscottiella was appropriately treated here as a junior synonym of Mepleres. Meniscopsocus Li, 1993 was newly synonymized with Mepleres. All new species combinations resulting from these taxonomic treatments were listed. Within Mepleres, African and Oriental-Pacific-Australian species groups had been recognized, with Mep. suzukii assigned to the latter group. However, monophyly of the latter group could not be justified, whereas the African group was regarded as monophyletic. A key to Japanese Mepleres was provided.
- 著者
- YOSHIZAWA KAZUNORI MOCKFORD EDWARD L. JOHNSON KEVIN P.
- 出版者
- Wiley-balckwell
- 雑誌
- Systematic Entomology (ISSN:03076970)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.39, no.2, pp.279-285, 2014-04
- 被引用文献数
- 4
The phylogenetic relationships of bark lice and parasitic lice (Insecta: Psocodea) have been studied in a number of recent molecular phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences. Many of these studies have focused on the position of parasitic lice within the free-living bark lice. However, fewer such studies have examined the relationships among major groups of free-living bark lice and their implications for classification. In this study we focus on the infraorder Caeciliusetae, a large group of bark lice (˜1000 species) within the suborder Psocomorpha. Using sequences of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes, we estimated the phylogeny for relationships among the five recognized families within the infraorder Caeciliusetae. Based on the results, the sister-group relationship and respective monophyly of Stenopsocidae and Dasydemellidae is strongly supported. Monophyly of the larger families Amphipsocidae and Caeciliusidae was not supported, although the causes of this were the placement of two distinct subfamilies (Paracaeciliinae and Calocaeciliinae). The monophyly of Asiopsocidae could not be tested because it was sampled only by one species. Based on these results and consideration of morphological characters, we propose a new classification for Caeciliusetae, recognizing six families: Amphipsocidae, Stenopsocidae, Dasydemellidae, Asiopsocidae, Paracaeciliidae and Caeciliusidae. We expect that this new classification will stabilize the higher-level taxonomy of this group and help to identify groups in need of further work among these insects.
- 著者
- Ohdachi Satoshi Yoshizawa Kazunori Hanski Ilkka Kawai Kuniko Dokuchaev Nikolai E. Sheftel Boris I. Abramov Alexei V. Moroldoev Igor Kawahara Atsushi
- 出版者
- Mammalogical Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- Mammal Study
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.37, no.4, pp.281-297, 2012-12
- 被引用文献数
- 10
Phylogenetic analysis was conducted for various populations of the Sorex minutissimus-S. yukonicus complex based on mitochondrial gene (cytochrome b and/or the control region) sequences. Sorex minutissimus was divided into some monophyletic groups in Eurasia; it was divided into 2 main groups, eastern and western Eurasian clades, based on combined data of the cytochrome b and the control region. Monophyly of shrews from Hokkaido-Sakhalin, Primorye, Mongolia-Transbaikalia, southeastern Finland was strongly supported respectively in most analyses. Sorex yukonicus was phylogenetically close to S. minutissimus in eastern Siberia. Some shrews from western and central Siberia were included in the clade of southeastern Finland. Also, most shrews from central-northern Finland and Norway made a clade close to but different from the southeastern Finland clade. This finding suggests that Fennoscandian shrews might consist of individuals which were recolonised from various refugia after the Last Glacial Maximum. Nucleotide diversity of shrews from Hokkaido and Alaska was low. Three regional groups in Kamchatka-Sakha, Sakhalin, and Mongolia-Transbaikalia tended to have medium nucleotide diversity. In contrast, shrews from Cisbaikalia-western Siberia and Fennoscandia had high nucleotide diversity. The S. minutissimus-S. hosonoi group appears to have experienceed a quit different biogeographic history from two shrews with similar ranges, the S. caecutiens-S. hosonoi group and S. tundrensis.
- 著者
- Yoshizawa Kazunori Lienhard Charles
- 出版者
- 日本動物分類学会
- 雑誌
- Species diversity : an international journal for taxonomy, systematics, speciation, biogeography, and life history research of animals (ISSN:13421670)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.2, no.1, pp.51-58, 1997-06-30
- 被引用文献数
- 1
A new genus, Idatenopsocus, represented by Idatenopsocus orientalis (Vishnyakova, 1986), comb, nov., is described and the species is redescribed. Within the family Mesopsocidae, this new genus is considered as the sister group of a monophyletic group composed of the genera Mesopsocus, Microtrichipsocus, Metapsocus, Cyrtopsochus, Hexacyrtoma, and Rhinopsocus.