著者

Hideo Ishikawa Yu Yamaguchi Takashi Nishihara Naoki Omachi Misaki Ryuge Kazushi Kitaguchi Tomoaki Hattori

出版者

The Japan Society for Respiratory Endoscopy

雑誌

Respiratory Endoscopy (ISSN:27583813)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.28-41, 2023-11-29 (Released:2023-11-29)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

2

---

Hemoptysis is a symptom with a high mortality rate. The in-hospital mortality rate of hospitalized patients with hemoptysis is 5%-9%. Bronchial artery embolization was formerly positioned as an emergency treatment for massive hemoptysis. Nowadays, it has become a standard treatment for elective treatment for chronic recurrent hemoptysis. Despite the high mortality rate, only 2%-8% of hospitalized patients with hemoptysis underwent Bronchial Artery Embolization (BAE). One possible reason is the concern about spinal cord infarction, followed by the shortage of operators specializing in BAE.The incidence rate of spinal cord infarction was 0.18%, 0.71%, and 0.06% for gelatin sponge, n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), and coil, respectively, in a nationwide observational study in JAPAN. CIRSE (Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe) guideline states that BAE by the coil is relatively safe and spinal-protective based on this study.BAE is primarily performed by radiologists and is a unique intervention targeting various arteries throughout the thorax, often smaller than 2 mm and, in some cases, less than 1 mm. The authors believe that it is essential to increase the number of pulmonologists subspecializing in BAE, like cardiologists and neurosurgeons who perform catheter treatment in their field.This paper aims to provide a technical and practical Expert Review of BAE by coil for pulmonologists based on our experience at a high-volume center managed by pulmonologists. The authors will also discuss a general narrative review on classifications of hemoptysis and BAE because we are concerned about the extreme international inconsistency in classifying and defining hemoptysis-related matters and will propose some challenging suggestions depending on our experience to rectify this situation.

著者

Masaru Kunitomo Yu Yamaguchi Satomi Kagota Noriko Yoshikawa Kazuki Nakamura Kazumasa Shinozuka

出版者

The Japanese Pharmacological Society

雑誌

Journal of Pharmacological Sciences (ISSN:13478613)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.3, pp.354-361, 2009 (Released:2009-07-17)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

26 36

---

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The induction of oxidative stress by smoking plays a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated whether long-term smoking can accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis and whether oxidative stress is implicated in its pathogenesis. Apolipoprotein E–deficient spontaneously hyperlipidemic mice, a model of atherosclerosis, were exposed to the gas-phase of smoke, from which tar and nicotine had been removed, for 15 min a day, 6 days a week, for 16 weeks. Exposure to cigarette smoke significantly increased the serum levels of oxidative stress markers such as thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances, oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins, and 3-nitrotyrosine, but it did not affect serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Exposure to smoke also accelerated the accumulation of total cholesterol levels in the aorta that was accompanied by an increase in 3-nitrotyrosine levels of the atherosclerotic mice. These changes in the serum and aorta that progressed with exposure to smoke were prevented by vitamin E administration. Our data suggest that chronic cigarette smoking promotes and aggravates atherosclerosis and that the antioxidant vitamin E exerts an anti-atherogenic effect via reduction of oxidative stress.