著者

鶴田 武良

雑誌

美術研究 = The bijutsu kenkiu : the journal of art studies

巻号頁・発行日

no.349, pp.18-43, 1991-03-22

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The biggest obstacle to the study of Chinese paintings of the past one hundred years is perhaps the fact that research materials such as books and journals are all scattered around. During SinoJapanese War which began in July 1937 and the following Liberation War, major art schools in China were forced to move out of the cities or to be closed or merge. A great deal of research materials were probably abandoned and lost during this period, while those which survived were largely destroyed during the turbulent years of the socalled Cultural Revolution that lasted for ten years. The least extant materials are exhibition catalogues and membership lists of art associations which were made for temporary use, and graduation albums which lost their value after the owners' deaths. Through his research on Chinese painters of the past one hundred years and search for pertinent documents conducted over ten years, the present author was able to obtain materials that can shed light on the development of modern Chinese art, including art exhibitions, art education, activities of art associations, and learning of Western painting. Access to some of the materials was extremely limited. Some were discovered by pure luck. In his paper which is to be presented in several parts, the author discusses some issues concerning art of modern China (1840-1918) and contemporary China (1919-), using the newly discovered research materials. Details about art schools' abolishment and merging, art exhibitions and art associations are included in “The Chronology of Chinese Art of the Past One Hundred Years” which will be published separately. The present article deals with the following seven nationwide art exhibitions held during the Republic period and introduces their respective backgrounds, organizations, numbers and types of exhibits, and trends. 1. National Exhibition of Children's Art-April of the 3rd year of the Republic, Peking. 2. The First National Educational ExhibitionJuly of the 13th year of the Republic, Nanking. 3. The First National Art Exhibition by Department of Education—April of the 18th year of the Republic, Shanghai. 4. National Exhibition of Children's Paintings—June of the 25th year of the Republic, Shanghai. 5. The Second National Art Exhibition by Department of Education April of the 26th year of the Republic, Nanking. 6. The Third National Art Exhibition by Department of Education December of the 31st year of the Republic, Chungch'ing. 7. The Fourth National Art Exhibition by Department of Education-planned to be held in November of the 37th year of the Republic at Nanking, but canceled.