著者

KENT Pauline

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Nichibunken Japan review : bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.107-125, 1995-01-01

---

Although Ruth Benedict's The Chrysanthemum and the Sword did not contain a bibliography when published, it has been possible to build one up from the notes she left on her research of the Japanese. A list of references used during her wartime research on the Japanese is provided here, along with a list of the people she worked with, in a team effort to fathom the wartime Japanese morale, at the Foreign Morale Analysis Division in the U. S. Office of War Information.

著者

SATHER Jeremy A.

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.25-40, 2017

---

I have divided the translation of and commentary on Nan Taiheiki into two parts. In part one, I outlined the main concerns that influenced Ryōshun to write the text: the loyalty of the Imagawa to the ruling Ashikaga family, his frustration with Taiheiki (Chronicle of Great Peace), and his resentment toward Ashikaga Yoshimitsu. The overarching theme of Nan Taiheiki, then, is the protection of the Imagawa legacy. In part two, I continue my analysis of this theme through an examination of Ryōshun’s description of Hosokawa Kiyouji and his rebellion against the Ashikaga. Ryōshun’s father Norikuni proposed a plan to the shogun that would have sacrificed his son in an attempt to kill Kiyouji and nip his rebellion in the bud. I then examine the significance of the Kamakura outpost, its overlord the Kantō kubō, and his deputy the kanrei for both Kiyouji’s rebellion, which took place as a result of the strife surrounding the position of kanrei, and later, for Ryōshun’s participation in the Ōei Disturbance, which resulted from the discord between Kyoto and Kamakura. What Ryōshun likely perceived as similarities between his participation in the Ōei Disturbance and Kiyouji’s rebellion motivated him to include the Kiyouji episodes in Nan Taiheiki. Accordingly, Nan Taiheiki demonstrates, through Kiyouji, how easy it was to fall from grace, and, through the idealistic origins of the Kamakura outpost, just how far the Ashikaga had fallen under Yoshimitsu’s rule.

著者

BRU Ricard

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.121-143, 2017-03-17

---

This article analyzes the shunga collection owned by the Mito Tokugawa family. It presents the discovery of six pieces from the Mito Tokugawa, one of the three branches of the Tokugawa. This collection helps us understand the uses and the spread of erotic art among the ruling classes in Edo period Japan. The collection, formed of different types of works (scrolls, books, prints, and sex toys) is important in documenting the high degree of acceptance of erotic art within the Tokugawa family. In particular, the manuscript notes written by the daimyo, Tokugawa Nariaki, show that the works were acquired as part of a regular family practice over the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. This suggests that it was common for all daimyo families to collect shunga.

著者

GROEMER Gerald

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.5-42, 2019-12

---

In the late 1780s, the renowned kyōka poet Hezutsu Tōsaku (1726–1789) looked back at his life and set about notating some of his memorable experiences and the characteristics of his age. The result was a presumably unfinished zuihitsu entitled Shin’ya meidan (A Retiree’s Chat). In this piece Tōsaku presents sixteen anecdotes and opinions regarding, among other things, famous writers, poets, thinkers, and artists of the past, renowned kabuki actors, connoisseurs and courtesans in Yoshiwara, rural poets and authors, personal friends, astute monks, conditions in Ezo (Hokkaido), and the benefits of city life. This wealth of subjects supplies not just a rare glimpse into the biography of a late-eighteenth century comic poet but also an unusually personal account of cultural life in Edo.

著者

SATHER Jeremy A.

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

no.29, pp.39-68, 2017-03-17

---

This translation and analysis of Imagawa Ryōshun's Nan Taiheiki examines the events that led him to write the work, namely his dismissal from the office of Kyūshū tandai and his subsequent participation in the Ōei Disturbance. After the rebellion ended in failure, he spent the rest of his life writing and critiquing literature. Nan Taiheiki, written around 1402, was a product of this period and of his rancor toward the Ashikaga chieftain Yoshimitsu. While the original Nan Taiheiki has no chapters or section headings, a close examination reveals three fundamental concerns. First, a focus on the Ashikaga's status as a collateral family of the Minamoto, which gave them a near divine right to lordship. In order to protect his family from "becoming lowly people without name or rank," Ryōshun asserts his family's loyalty to the Ashikaga, in the process laying the groundwork for his criticism of Yoshimitsu later in the work. Second, a repudiation of Taiheiki, not for its overall storyline, but for its omission of the deeds of families that had participated in the Ashikaga's rise to power, most notably his own. And last, a criticism of Yoshimitsu, whose maladministration led to Ryōshun's dismissal from the office of tandai. Importantly, his criticism is of Yoshimitsu the individual, not of the Ashikaga family; a large part of Nan Taiheiki is meant to demonstrate Yoshimitsu's unworthiness as a ruler and to cast Ryōshun's participation in the Ōei Disturbance as the act of a loyal follower of the Ashikaga. Accordingly, I show that Nan Taiheiki, which Ryōshun did not even title, has been misinterpreted: its criticism of Taiheiki is but one of several aspects of the text, all of which are tied together by Ryōshun's need to protect his family's legacy and criticize Yoshimitsu, who he considered the architect of his downfall.

著者

ISHII Satoshi

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Nichibunken Japan review : bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.109-122, 1998-01-01

---

For decades Japanese scholars have been willing to import and apply Euro-America-centered research paradigrms not only in the natural sciences but also in the social sciences and the humanities. They have been doing so without trying to devejop their own-Western frames of research. Today Japanese reseachers are expected to develop new research paradigms and perspectives based on their own Japanese cultural background and to contribute these to the international academic arena. This paper provides scholars of Japanese culture with a distincly Asian paradigm for future research, theory construstion, and methodological development.To achieve these goals, first, Western views of interpersonal relationships are discussed. Then the Buddhist en-based world view and its influence on Japanese human relationships are described. Next, general systems theory is introduced, suggesting its possible application to Japanese human relationships psychology. Finally, a hypothetical cosmic systems framework based on the Buddhist en-belief is proposed to conceptualize Japanese human relationships and help promote research in the area.

著者

ISHII Satoshi

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Nichibunken Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.145-170, 2001-01-01

---

The recent rapid expansion of worldwide communication and transportration networks has made it both possible and inevitable for the Japanese to encounter strangers from different racial, ethnis, and sociocultural backgrounds not only overseas but also in Japan.Simply encountering them without approptiate preparation, however, does not guatantee expected intercultural understanding; it oftes causes mutual fear, misuunderstanding, and suspicion within people placed in such intercultural communication situations. The study of intercultural communication, which describes and explains such dailt occurrences and possibly solves problems related to them, has been, through most of its academic history, a prepominantly U.S.-senterd rnterprise in Japan.These daysm therfore, Japanese scholars in the field are growingly expected to contribute non-Western thoughts and frames of reference from their Japanese sociocultural background.In this scholarly context, the present study attempts to analyze the conventional sociofolkloric marebito/ijin/gaijin ambivalent predispositions and attitudes toward strangers from different racial, ethnic, and sociocultural backgroudx.It will contribute from non-Euro-American prespestives to the revision or improvement of Western intercultural communication theories and research methods by analyzing the long-standing Japanese welcome-nonwelcome and inclusion-exclusion amnbivalence frequently manifested in their encounters with strange people whose racial, ethnic, and sociocultural backgrounds are different from the average Japanese.

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, 2019

著者

LOO Tze M.

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.173-193, 2019

---

War and tourism exist in a complicated relationship in Okinawa. One manifestation of this is the fact that, despite their heavy presence on Okinawa’s main island, U.S. military bases and their personnel are often excluded from discussions about Okinawa’s tourism, which the prefecture has targeted as an area of major economic investment and expected growth. Yet American military personnel were some of the earliest tourists in Okinawa in the immediate postwar, consumers of a tourist landscape that the U.S. military was instrumental in producing for its personnel. In addition, tourism offers a rich window into some of the workings of the twenty-seven-year U.S. Occupation of Okinawa. This paper explores how tourism as a mode of engagement figured in both the imagining and operating of Occupation authorities’ rule of the islands, and how military personnel on the ground negotiated and understood their time there.

著者

LARSSON Ernils

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.227-252, 2017-07-24

---

Since early January 2016 Jinja Honchō has participated in a campaign led by Nippon Kaigi to establish popular support for constitutional reform. In this essay, I seek to understand Jinja Honchō’s involvement in this campaign through a reading of the postwar Supreme Court cases related to the separation of religion from the state. I argue that amendment of Articles 20 and 89 was never considered a priority for most of this period, since the prevalent paradigm in the Supreme Court was that Shinto was something other than a religion; but following the break with this paradigm in the Ehime Tamagushiryō case in 1997, and the subsequent confirmation of the validity of this precedent through the ruling on the Sunagawa I case in 2010, those seeking a closer relationship between the Shinto establishment and the state have had to find new routes. The rise of Nippon Kaigi as one of Japan’s largest conservative lobby groups coincides with this development in the Supreme Court, and the organization’s focus on constitutional reform can therefore partly be understood in this light. Should Nippon Kaigi eventually produce a draft for their vision of a new constitution, it is likely that the idea of Shinto as something other than a religion will be reflected in this draft.

著者

THOMAS Jolyon Baraka

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.233-235, 2019

著者

MORGAN Jason

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.221-224, 2019

著者

MIHALOPOULOS Bill

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.218-220, 2019

著者

AUKEMA Justin

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.127-150, 2019

---

This paper examines the early postwar history of the physical remains of World War II through the example of Keio University’s Hiyoshi Campus. During the war, the Japanese Imperial Navy’s Combined Fleet used this site as their headquarters, and they built a massive underground tunnel system there. Furthermore, after the war, the campus was confiscated and used by the U.S. Occupation Eighth Army until 1949. Yet this history of the Hiyoshi Campus was almost completely forgotten until the late 1980s. This paper argues that the reasons for this lie in the postwar history of the site and the university. Namely, Keio intellectuals in the early postwar sought to portray the school as an historical pioneer of liberal democracy in Japan. Yet in this historical rewriting, instances of liberal cooperation with militarism such as Keio’s wartime past became inconvenient truths, and the physical wartime remains on campus, as visible reminders of this past, became unwanted and undesirable anachronisms. In this way, the paper argues that the forgetting of war sites such as the Hiyoshidai tunnels was, in some ways, a byproduct of the creation of a liberal-democratic postwar Japan.

著者

DAHL Shayne A. P.

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.199-201, 2019

著者

GODART G. Clinton

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.205-207, 2019

著者

TORRANCE Richard

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

no.29, pp.3-38, 2016

---

It was once thought that the prominence of Izumo gods in imperial myth was merely a function of literary structure, the creation of an antagonist to enhance the power and prestige of the Yamato polity. The idea that Izumo was, in archeological terms, insignificant in the context of discoveries in other regions contributed to theories that Izumo's importance in imperial myth was due entirely to narrative logic. With the archeological discoveries at Kanba Kōjindani in present-day Izumo City in July of 1984 and those in August 1996 at the Kamo Iwakura site in present-day Unnan City, it was no longer tenable that Izumo myth did not reflect a political and material reality during the mid to late Yayoi period. This article is an overview of the archeological evidence as a prologue to an examination of Izumo myth. It argues that the transition from Jōmon to Yayoi required about three to four centuries. It then takes up a series of archeological discoveries that establish that Izumo was the center of an Izumo cultural zone, not technologically inferior to the Kinai region. The article argues further, based in part on the evidence of tumuli and other forms of burial, that Izumo remained relatively independent through the sixth or early-seventh century, but it questions the meaning of Izumo's "surrender" to Yamato in the context of sixth or seventh century Japan.

著者

ROTS Aike P. TEEUWEN Mark

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.3-20, 2017-07-24

著者

GOTO-JONES Chris

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

no.29, pp.171-208, 2016

---

This experimental article explores the question of whether it is possible to examine the experience of playing fighting games (video games) as a form of self-cultivation or practice and, in so doing, whether it becomes possible to shift the debate about the potential impact of violent video games on the people who play them (and on society around them). The article draws on five years of surveys and interviews with gamers from around the world, but seeks to interpret this data through a critical and creative reading of the games themselves as well as a reading of the so-called bushidō tradition (of texts about the intersection between Zen and the martial arts). The article concludes that fighting games might be experienced as forms of martial arts in themselves, complete with potentials for self-transformation, but that this form of engagement requires appropriate intentionality from players, which provokes a space for a manifesto to guide players' intentions.

著者

NISHINO Ryota

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, pp.211-213, 2017