著者

Norio Niwa

出版者

Japanese Society for Oceanic Studies

雑誌

People and Culture in Oceania (ISSN:13495380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.43-58, 2006 (Released:2021-12-04)

参考文献数

36

---

The aim of this paper is to depict how Fijian society dealt with the Bula Tale co-operative with special reference to its involvement in communist controversy. The Bula Tale was a cooperative group and commenced its activities in the early 1960’s mainly in four villages of Nadroga/Navosa province, Fiji. It was also known as the Bula Tale Communist Party for a short period. What is conspicuous about this group is that its members radically changed their way of life for better living. For example, they not only abolished or simplified some aspects of Fijian customary procedures such as marriage and funerals, but also prohibited themselves from drinking kava. At the same time, the Bula Tale people encouraged themselves to work hard. Owing to these striking features of their practices and provocative naming of communist party, the Bula Tale caused the sensation and had no choice but to relocate their settlement to another province. In this paper I follow this uproar of the Bula Tale and try to interpret this event on the background of the 1960’s Fiji.

著者

Fukui Eijiro

出版者

Japanese Society for Oceanic Studies

雑誌

People and Culture in Oceania (ISSN:13495380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.85-108, 2019 (Released:2020-09-01)

参考文献数

58

---

The purpose of this paper is to consider the social impact of tourism using data from fieldwork in Aneityum Island, southern Vanuatu. Previous research has discussed tourism in Oceania from the perspective of “sustainable development.” This series of discussions was very relevant to those on “glocalization,” in which expanding Westernization or globalization is reinterpreted by local people. However, we must bear in mind that the impacts of tourism on small societies cannot easily be localized and reinterpreted. The social impact of tourism is changing people’s notion of tradition (kastom in Melanesian pidgin). In anthropology in Japan, unlike in Europe and America, it has been argued that kastom and skul (the Western element) cannot be syncretized, but coexist. In light of this, Melanesian societies have been referred to as “bicultural,” and “immutability” has been viewed as the characteristic of kastom. However, with the influx of cash to islanders working in tourism, life on Aneityum is changing dramatically. The islanders themselves understand that their livelihood (numu) is not as it was before, but do not know whose lives they are currently living. Therefore, it is dangerous to unilaterally judge these situations as good examples of glocalization or “developing tradition.” Instead, we must accurately assess the social impact of tourism.