著者

山口 光朔 Kosaku Yamaguchi

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC REVIEW (ISSN:0286990X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, 1959-01-01

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日本にはじめてプロテスタント系の宣教師が上陸したのは,いまからちょうど百年前のことである。このために,プロテスンタト系の各教派は,いろいろな記念行事を行いつつある。日本聖公会は,カンタベリー大主教フイッシャー博士を迎えて,すでにこの4月に東京において宣教百年記念式典を開催しており,日本キリスト教協議会(N・C・C)でもきたる11月に同協議会関係の各教派(日本聖公会をふくむ)合同の記念式典を行うことになっている。このときにあたり,わが国における初期のプロテスタント史ならびにその意義を再考してみることは,あながち無意味なことではあるまい。事実,幕末期に日本伝道のためにリギンスやウィリアムスのような外人宣教師がやってきたということは,ただたんに教会史の面からのみではなくて,ひろく文化史的・社会史的に大きな意義を有している。そこで,本論においては,一応1859年(安政6)における最初の宣教師の来日を中心として,幕末期におけるプロテスタント史というものを概観してみたい。

著者

坂本 賢三 Kenzo Sakamoto

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC REVIEW (ISSN:0286990X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, 1964-06-01

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An attempt is made in the present article to rescrutinize the definition of the means of labour and to reclassify them by an investigation of the innovation in technology. The means of labour as understood by the author is the thing or a complex of things which the labourer inserts between him and the object and which serves as conductor of activity on this object. This definition was given by Karl Marx in 1867. Preface I. Definition of the means of labour. II. The means as a moment of the process of production. III. Teleology and the process of production. IV. Particularity of the means. V. The means and human being--communication, control and projection. VI. Traditional classifications of the means of labour. VII. Specialization and evolution of the organs. VIII. Specialization and evolution of the means of labour. IX. An attempt to an improved classification of the means of labour, Conclusion. In this issue only the first four paragraphs are reported. First, the definition of the means of labour is re-examined by semantic treatment, and insisted that the means of labour is a moment in the process of production as the labour and the object. Considered in the second paragraph are the relation of <<Moment>>, <<Aufheben>> and <<(Dialektik>>, and the different content of the idea of <<Moment>> on each stage of logical development. On the stage of the most abstract conception, for instance, being, becoming, quality, quantity etc., each moment dissolves into the other. This process is only "transition". On the stage of essence, e. g. matter and form, the whole and its parts, force and its expression, substance and its attribute, cause and its effect, essence and its apparence etc., each moment returns to itself by relating to its own opposite. This process is called "reflexion". And on the stage of development, e. g. concept--universality, particurality and individuality --, judgment -- subject, predicate andcopula--, inference--major premise, minor premise and conclusion--, mechanism, chemical process, teleological process -- end, means, realization etc., each moment is the whole itself and independent. This mode is very peculiar. Though each moment maintains his direct form, relating each other the product are yielded. This process is named "development". The process of production is teleological. Then, compared is the logical structure of Hegel's <<Teleologie>> with the structure of Marx's conception of production process. Among the three moments in the process of production, the means of labour has a particularity of predominance as pointed out by Hegel, for example, the plough is superior than those consumption goods produced by the human work using the plough which are the objectives of the human work itself. The means (tool) preserves itself, in spite of the enjoyments disappear and are forgotten.