著者

Lucille Elna P. de Guzman Oscar B. Zamora Joan Pauline P. Talubo Cesar Doroteo V. Hostallero

出版者

Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba

雑誌

Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture (ISSN:18803016)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.111-119, 2014 (Released:2014-11-22)

参考文献数

18

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Climate change could have significant impacts in the Philippines on large sections of the population who are poor and vulnerable, especially those who live in areas prone to coastal storms, drought and sea level rise. The sectors mostly affected by climate change are agriculture and food security because of the risk of low productivity due to increasing temperature, drought, and increasing frequency and intensity of rainfall that brings about floods and landslides.Located in the northernmost tip of the country, the Batanes group of islands lies on the country’s typhoon belt. Because of vulnerability and isolation from the rest of the archipelago, the Ivatans have developed self-sufficient, organic and climate-resilient crop production systems. This paper presents the indigenous crop production systems that have made the Ivatans food self-sufficient despite vulnerability of their agroecosystem.A typical Ivatan farmer owns 3-7 parcels of land. Each parcel has an average size of 300-500 m2. Farmers practice a rootcrop-based multiple cropping system with specific spatial arrangements of corn (Zea mays), gabi (Colocasia esculenta), yam (Dioscorea alata) and tugui (Dioscorea esculenta), using corn stover, hardwood trees or a local reed called viyawu (Miscanthus sp.) as trellis. Banana (Musa sp.) and assorted vegetables are planted around the parcels. One to two parcels are planted per season and the rest are left to fallow and used as grazing areas for cattle. The same crops are planted on the other parcels in the next season and the first two parcels utilized will again be planted only after 3-5 years. This unique fallow system maintains soil fertility without the use of chemical fertilizers. They also practice an indigenous storage system that involves hanging of their harvest such as corn, rice, garlic and onion bulbs, even meat and fish, above the firewood-fed cooking area. For generations, the Ivatan farmers’ indigenous agricultural production systems have ensured a food security at the household level.

著者

Abby D. Benninghoff Michael Lefevre Korry J. Hintze Robert E. Ward Jeffery R. Broadbent

出版者

筑波大学農林技術センター

雑誌

Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture (ISSN:18803016)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.34-54, 2015 (Released:2015-08-28)

参考文献数

182

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Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The Western dietary pattern is an established risk factor for many cancers, particularly for colorectal cancer (CRC). The Western diet is typified by the high consumption of red and processed meats, high fat foods, sugary foods and refined grains, whereas a more prudent diet replaces these foods with whole grains, fruits and vegetables, many of which are rich in dietary bioactives known to reduce cancer risk. Agricultural production of many of the foods common to the Western diet is also estimated to have a high environmental impact. Thus, diet modification to reduce cancer risk by consumption of more fruits and vegetables would also be considered a more environmentally sustainable diet.This review summarizes the impact of dietary bioactives on gastrointestinal health, with a focus on the role of the gut microbiome and intestinal inflammation in colorectal carcinogenesis. Four dietary bioactives with purported anti-cancer activities are discussed, including catechins (green tea), anthocyanins (red/blue berries), proanthocyanidins (cocoa) and isoflavones (soy), with special consideration given to evidence for their interaction with the gut microbiome. The review concludes with a proposed model for investigating the impact of dietary bioactives for prevention of colon cancer that incorporates the Western nutritional pattern and considers the role of human gut microbiota in pre-clinical studies.

著者

Saidajan Abdiani

出版者

筑波大学農林技術センター

雑誌

Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture (ISSN:18803016)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.9-13, 2012

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Afghanistan is a landlocked country of plains and mountains with a wide range of ecosystems. Its climate is continental, with cold winters and hot summers. Most of the country is semi-arid or arid, although the east is watered by the monsoon. The natural resources and associated biological diversity provide the basis of a livelihood for up to 80% of the population; agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, and forestry form the backbone of the economy. Afghanistan is rich in biodiversity and natural beauty, and is home to globally significant wildlife species such as Marco Polo sheep (<I>Ovis ammon polii</I>) and the snow leopard (<I>Uncia uncia</I>), which are under pressure from hunting, loss of habitat, and illegal trade. The most significant threats to natural resources are illegal hunting and trade, deforestation, desertification, and lack of law enforcement. In this situation, food security and sustainable agricultural development will remain a dream, and the causes of poverty and instability will be strengthened, both in Afghanistan and in the region. If Afghanistan is to develop into a vibrant nation with secure sustainable agricultural development, it must first halt the loss of its biodiversity, which requires international support and collaboration in national reconciliation, job creation, capacity building, raising of public awareness, and law enforcement. Healthy societies depend on a healthy environment that is rich in biodiversity, whose conservation is a must.

著者

Elna P. de Guzman Lucille B. Zamora Oscar Pauline P. Talubo Joan Doroteo V. Hostallero Cesar

出版者

Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba

雑誌

Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture (ISSN:18803016)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.111-119, 2014

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Climate change could have significant impacts in the Philippines on large sections of the population who are poor and vulnerable, especially those who live in areas prone to coastal storms, drought and sea level rise. The sectors mostly affected by climate change are agriculture and food security because of the risk of low productivity due to increasing temperature, drought, and increasing frequency and intensity of rainfall that brings about floods and landslides.<BR>Located in the northernmost tip of the country, the Batanes group of islands lies on the country's typhoon belt. Because of vulnerability and isolation from the rest of the archipelago, the Ivatans have developed self-sufficient, organic and climate-resilient crop production systems. This paper presents the indigenous crop production systems that have made the Ivatans food self-sufficient despite vulnerability of their agroecosystem.<BR>A typical Ivatan farmer owns 3-7 parcels of land. Each parcel has an average size of 300-500 m². Farmers practice a rootcrop-based multiple cropping system with specific spatial arrangements of corn (<i>Zea mays</i>), gabi (<i>Colocasia esculenta</i>), yam (<i>Dioscorea alata</i>) and tugui (<i>Dioscorea esculenta</i>), using corn stover, hardwood trees or a local reed called <i>viyawu </i>(<i>Miscanthus </i>sp.) as trellis. Banana (<i>Musa </i>sp.) and assorted vegetables are planted around the parcels. One to two parcels are planted per season and the rest are left to fallow and used as grazing areas for cattle. The same crops are planted on the other parcels in the next season and the first two parcels utilized will again be planted only after 3-5 years. This unique fallow system maintains soil fertility without the use of chemical fertilizers. They also practice an indigenous storage system that involves hanging of their harvest such as corn, rice, garlic and onion bulbs, even meat and fish, above the firewood-fed cooking area. For generations, the Ivatan farmers' indigenous agricultural production systems have ensured a food security at the household level.

著者

Kenneth Kinuthia Kagai

出版者

Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba

雑誌

Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture (ISSN:18803016)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.164-180, 2011 (Released:2012-02-14)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

2

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Biotechnology has been widely acknowledged as a modern tool that holds the potential to improve agricultural production. Adoption of genetically modified (GM) crops could contribute toward alleviating food insecurity in Kenya, but the attitudes and perceptions of stakeholders are crucial to the acceptance of GM products. The aim of this study was to assess public perceptions of GM crops and foods in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. A semi-structured questionnaire survey was conducted with 179 respondents, including 55 farmers and 124 consumers, in both rural and urban areas. The results were analyzed to determine predictors for the willingness to produce and consume GM crops and food products. Farmers' and consumers' perceptions influenced their approval of the use of GM technology. The results indicate that gender, basic knowledge of GM technology, and information access and dissemination are likely to influence the adoption of GM technology by farmers. Consumers who are familiar with government policy and have basic knowledge and share information on GM crops are more likely to approve of the technology than those who do not. Farmers were concerned with the environmental risks associated with GM technology and its possible effect on marketing crops both locally and abroad. Consumers expressed concerns about possible health risks, the ability of the government to protect them, and the acceptance of GM products in the local market. Disapproval of GM products by both farmers and consumers was influenced by the perception of high risks and low benefits. The findings of this study can help policymakers when designing public awareness and risk-communication strategies targeting farmers and consumers to address potential concerns when promoting the use of GM technology.