- 著者
- Kondo Kyoko Fujimori Maiko Shirai Yuki Yamada Yu Ogawa Asao Hizawa Nobuyuki Uchitomi Yosuke
- 出版者
- Elsevier Science Ireland
- 雑誌
- Patient education and counseling (ISSN:07383991)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.93, no.2, pp.350-353, 2013-11
- 被引用文献数
- 5 1
ObjectiveOncologists must have empathy when breaking bad news to patients who have incurable advanced cancer, and the level of empathy often depends on various individual characteristics. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between these characteristics and empathic behavior in Japanese oncologists.MethodsWe videotaped consultations in which oncologists conveyed news of incurable advanced cancer to simulated patients. Oncologists’ empathetic behaviors were coded, and regression analysis was performed to determine the existence of any relationships with factors such as age, sex, and specialism.ResultsSixty oncologists participated. In a multivariate model, only age was related to the empathy score (r = 0.406, p = 0.033); younger oncologists scored higher than did older oncologists.ConclusionsWe found that empathic behaviors were more frequent in younger oncologists.Practice implicationsThis information could be useful in determining the best approach for implementing future empathy and communication training programs for experienced oncologists in Japanese medical institutions.
- 著者
- Niizato Takayuki Gunji Yukio-Pegio
- 出版者
- Elsevier Science Ireland
- 雑誌
- Biosystems (ISSN:03032647)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.111, no.3, pp.145-155, 2013-03
- 被引用文献数
- 4
There are two contradictory aspects of the adaptive process in evolution. The first is that species must optimally increase their own fitness in a given environment. The second is that species must maintain their variation to be ready to respond to changing environments. In a strict sense, these two aspects might consider to be mutually exclusive. If species are optimally adapted, then the variation in the species that is suboptimal decreases and vice versa. To resolve this dilemma, species must find a balance between optimal adaptation and robust adaptation. Finding the balance between these processes requires both the local and global complete, static information. However, the balance between the processes must be dynamic. In this study, we propose a model that illustrates dynamic negotiation between the global and local information using lattice theory. The dynamic negotiation between these two levels results in an overestimate of fitness for each species. The overestimation of fitness in our model represents the multiplicity of fitness which is sometimes discussed as the exaptation. We show that species in our model demonstrate the power law of the lifespan distribution and 1/f fluctuation for the adaptive process. Our model allows for a balance between optimal adaptation and robust adaptation without any arbitrary parameters.