著者

ROTS Aike P.

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.184-186, 2022-02

著者

HANIHARA Kazuro

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Nichibunken Japan review : bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

no.2, pp.1-33, 1991-01-01

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This paper proposes a 'dual structure model' to explain the population history of Japanese, including the Okinawa islanders (Ryukyus) and Ainu under a single hypothesis. The model assumes that the first occupants of the Japanese Archipelago came from somewhere in Southeast Asia in the Upper Palaeolithic age and they gave rise to the people in the Neolithic Jomon age, or Jomonese; then the second wave of migration from northeast Asia took place in and after the Aeneolithic Yayoi age; and the populations of both lineages gradually mixed with each other. The 'dual structure model' also assumes that the population intermixture is still going on and the dual structure f the Japanese population is maintained even today. Thus, several regional differences such as those between east and west Japan in physical as well as cultural characteristics can be explained by the varying rates of intermixture from region to region. In general, this model agrees well not only with physical and cultural evidence but also with non-human evidence as revealed by Japanese dogs, mice, etc. At the same time, the model provides a reasonable way of explanation in regard to the relationships among the Japanese main islanders, Ryukyus, and Ainu.

著者

THURUTA Kinya

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Nichibunken Japan review : bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.75-94, 1999-01-01

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Akutagawa Ryǔnosuke did not write a single love story.In fact Women do not paaer in his narratives nealy as often as men do.When they do appear,many are portrayed as selfish, aggressive, deceitful, dominating and ultimately destructive, while male figures are often described as vistims of female dominance and venom.This is one aspect which characterizes Akutagawa's writings.

著者

KUITERT Wybe

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.77-101, 2014-11-27

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At the origin of a voluminous discourse on picturesque taste in eighteenth century England stands an essay by Sir William Temple (1628–99) that contains the word sharawadgi, which he claims is Chinese. As a result of his introducing this concept, Temple is considered the originator of the English landscape garden movement. In extended academic debates on urban planning or contemporary art, the term has played an ever-increasing role since the mid twentieth century. Several attempts have been made to decipher the word and grasp its meaning. Nonetheless, sharawadgi cannot be apprehended in terms of sound and meaning only. It needs to be understood from a functional and historic context in the lands of its origin—Japan as we will see—as well as a practice of landscape design in Europe where it inspired new creative ideas. Imported art works, strikingly with their Japanese aesthetics, were re-interpreted to fit a European understanding. This reconstruction in turn was framed within the complex world of European tastes for landscape and other applied arts. Men of letters, widely learned and erudite like Temple, maintained their networks by writing letters and exchanging books and other gifts, eager for the most recent news on developments in the world of learning. In northern Europe these savants communicated in French, English, Dutch, German, or Latin; conceptual ideas were sometimes expressed in Greek. Temple’s world was this cosmopolitan Europe, receptive to the beauty of Asian art and concepts like his enigmatic sharawadgi. This paper intends to unravel the meaning and context of the word in Japan; to show the context in which it traveled to Europe and entered the circles of Temple; and to make clear how he placed it in a slightly different setting to serve his purpose. It concludes that “literary picturesque taste” is a proper translation for sharawadgi.

著者

FLORES Linda

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.141-169, 2017

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This article examines Furukawa Hideo’s Umatachi yo, soredemo hikari wa muku de (Horses, Horses, in the End the Light Remains Pure) and Kawakami Hiromi’s “Kamisama 2011” (God Bless You, 2011), two 3.11 narratives that employ intertextuality to construct radical counter-narratives to trauma. As rewritings of earlier source texts by the respective authors, these intertextual narratives draw the reader into a dynamic relationship with the text, creating a subject position for the reader that is fluid and unsettled. As in the Barthesian “writerly text,” the reader becomes engaged not only in the consumption of the meaning of the text, but also in the very production of meaning. With Kawakami’s “Kamisama 2011” this occurs primarily through the use of language in the text; with Furukawa’s Horses, Horses this takes place through the necessary act of assembling the fragmented pieces of the narrative. This article explores how Kawakami and Furukawa employ intertextuality to represent hallmark trauma narratives that also function as counter-narratives to trauma through their engagement of the reader. These intertextual 3.11 narratives serve as examples of the Barthesian “writerly” text but simultaneously disrupt this aspect of Barthes’s narrative theory by placing emphasis on how the reader is actively implicated in the production of meaning of the text, and how this is contingent on the shared historical, temporal, and sociocultural experience or knowledge of trauma.

著者

KENT Pauline

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Nichibunken Japan review : bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.107-125, 1995-01-01

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Although Ruth Benedict's The Chrysanthemum and the Sword did not contain a bibliography when published, it has been possible to build one up from the notes she left on her research of the Japanese. A list of references used during her wartime research on the Japanese is provided here, along with a list of the people she worked with, in a team effort to fathom the wartime Japanese morale, at the Foreign Morale Analysis Division in the U. S. Office of War Information.

著者

SATHER Jeremy A.

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.25-40, 2017

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I have divided the translation of and commentary on Nan Taiheiki into two parts. In part one, I outlined the main concerns that influenced Ryōshun to write the text: the loyalty of the Imagawa to the ruling Ashikaga family, his frustration with Taiheiki (Chronicle of Great Peace), and his resentment toward Ashikaga Yoshimitsu. The overarching theme of Nan Taiheiki, then, is the protection of the Imagawa legacy. In part two, I continue my analysis of this theme through an examination of Ryōshun’s description of Hosokawa Kiyouji and his rebellion against the Ashikaga. Ryōshun’s father Norikuni proposed a plan to the shogun that would have sacrificed his son in an attempt to kill Kiyouji and nip his rebellion in the bud. I then examine the significance of the Kamakura outpost, its overlord the Kantō kubō, and his deputy the kanrei for both Kiyouji’s rebellion, which took place as a result of the strife surrounding the position of kanrei, and later, for Ryōshun’s participation in the Ōei Disturbance, which resulted from the discord between Kyoto and Kamakura. What Ryōshun likely perceived as similarities between his participation in the Ōei Disturbance and Kiyouji’s rebellion motivated him to include the Kiyouji episodes in Nan Taiheiki. Accordingly, Nan Taiheiki demonstrates, through Kiyouji, how easy it was to fall from grace, and, through the idealistic origins of the Kamakura outpost, just how far the Ashikaga had fallen under Yoshimitsu’s rule.

著者

BRU Ricard

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.121-143, 2017-03-17

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This article analyzes the shunga collection owned by the Mito Tokugawa family. It presents the discovery of six pieces from the Mito Tokugawa, one of the three branches of the Tokugawa. This collection helps us understand the uses and the spread of erotic art among the ruling classes in Edo period Japan. The collection, formed of different types of works (scrolls, books, prints, and sex toys) is important in documenting the high degree of acceptance of erotic art within the Tokugawa family. In particular, the manuscript notes written by the daimyo, Tokugawa Nariaki, show that the works were acquired as part of a regular family practice over the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. This suggests that it was common for all daimyo families to collect shunga.

著者

GROEMER Gerald

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.5-42, 2019-12

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In the late 1780s, the renowned kyōka poet Hezutsu Tōsaku (1726–1789) looked back at his life and set about notating some of his memorable experiences and the characteristics of his age. The result was a presumably unfinished zuihitsu entitled Shin’ya meidan (A Retiree’s Chat). In this piece Tōsaku presents sixteen anecdotes and opinions regarding, among other things, famous writers, poets, thinkers, and artists of the past, renowned kabuki actors, connoisseurs and courtesans in Yoshiwara, rural poets and authors, personal friends, astute monks, conditions in Ezo (Hokkaido), and the benefits of city life. This wealth of subjects supplies not just a rare glimpse into the biography of a late-eighteenth century comic poet but also an unusually personal account of cultural life in Edo.

著者

HAYAKAWA Monta FISTER PATRICIA J.

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

The Shunga of Suzuki Harunobu Mitate-e and Sexuality in Edo (ISSN:13444972)

巻号頁・発行日

2001-10-01

著者

HAYAKAWA Monta GARSTLE C.Andrew

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

SHUNGA : Ten Questions and Answers (ISSN:13444972)

巻号頁・発行日

2013

著者

SATHER Jeremy A.

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

no.29, pp.39-68, 2017-03-17

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This translation and analysis of Imagawa Ryōshun's Nan Taiheiki examines the events that led him to write the work, namely his dismissal from the office of Kyūshū tandai and his subsequent participation in the Ōei Disturbance. After the rebellion ended in failure, he spent the rest of his life writing and critiquing literature. Nan Taiheiki, written around 1402, was a product of this period and of his rancor toward the Ashikaga chieftain Yoshimitsu. While the original Nan Taiheiki has no chapters or section headings, a close examination reveals three fundamental concerns. First, a focus on the Ashikaga's status as a collateral family of the Minamoto, which gave them a near divine right to lordship. In order to protect his family from "becoming lowly people without name or rank," Ryōshun asserts his family's loyalty to the Ashikaga, in the process laying the groundwork for his criticism of Yoshimitsu later in the work. Second, a repudiation of Taiheiki, not for its overall storyline, but for its omission of the deeds of families that had participated in the Ashikaga's rise to power, most notably his own. And last, a criticism of Yoshimitsu, whose maladministration led to Ryōshun's dismissal from the office of tandai. Importantly, his criticism is of Yoshimitsu the individual, not of the Ashikaga family; a large part of Nan Taiheiki is meant to demonstrate Yoshimitsu's unworthiness as a ruler and to cast Ryōshun's participation in the Ōei Disturbance as the act of a loyal follower of the Ashikaga. Accordingly, I show that Nan Taiheiki, which Ryōshun did not even title, has been misinterpreted: its criticism of Taiheiki is but one of several aspects of the text, all of which are tied together by Ryōshun's need to protect his family's legacy and criticize Yoshimitsu, who he considered the architect of his downfall.

著者

ISHII Satoshi

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Nichibunken Japan review : bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.109-122, 1998-01-01

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For decades Japanese scholars have been willing to import and apply Euro-America-centered research paradigrms not only in the natural sciences but also in the social sciences and the humanities. They have been doing so without trying to devejop their own-Western frames of research. Today Japanese reseachers are expected to develop new research paradigms and perspectives based on their own Japanese cultural background and to contribute these to the international academic arena. This paper provides scholars of Japanese culture with a distincly Asian paradigm for future research, theory construstion, and methodological development.To achieve these goals, first, Western views of interpersonal relationships are discussed. Then the Buddhist en-based world view and its influence on Japanese human relationships are described. Next, general systems theory is introduced, suggesting its possible application to Japanese human relationships psychology. Finally, a hypothetical cosmic systems framework based on the Buddhist en-belief is proposed to conceptualize Japanese human relationships and help promote research in the area.

著者

ISHII Satoshi

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Nichibunken Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.145-170, 2001-01-01

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The recent rapid expansion of worldwide communication and transportration networks has made it both possible and inevitable for the Japanese to encounter strangers from different racial, ethnis, and sociocultural backgrounds not only overseas but also in Japan.Simply encountering them without approptiate preparation, however, does not guatantee expected intercultural understanding; it oftes causes mutual fear, misuunderstanding, and suspicion within people placed in such intercultural communication situations. The study of intercultural communication, which describes and explains such dailt occurrences and possibly solves problems related to them, has been, through most of its academic history, a prepominantly U.S.-senterd rnterprise in Japan.These daysm therfore, Japanese scholars in the field are growingly expected to contribute non-Western thoughts and frames of reference from their Japanese sociocultural background.In this scholarly context, the present study attempts to analyze the conventional sociofolkloric marebito/ijin/gaijin ambivalent predispositions and attitudes toward strangers from different racial, ethnic, and sociocultural backgroudx.It will contribute from non-Euro-American prespestives to the revision or improvement of Western intercultural communication theories and research methods by analyzing the long-standing Japanese welcome-nonwelcome and inclusion-exclusion amnbivalence frequently manifested in their encounters with strange people whose racial, ethnic, and sociocultural backgrounds are different from the average Japanese.

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, 2019

著者

LOO Tze M.

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.173-193, 2019

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War and tourism exist in a complicated relationship in Okinawa. One manifestation of this is the fact that, despite their heavy presence on Okinawa’s main island, U.S. military bases and their personnel are often excluded from discussions about Okinawa’s tourism, which the prefecture has targeted as an area of major economic investment and expected growth. Yet American military personnel were some of the earliest tourists in Okinawa in the immediate postwar, consumers of a tourist landscape that the U.S. military was instrumental in producing for its personnel. In addition, tourism offers a rich window into some of the workings of the twenty-seven-year U.S. Occupation of Okinawa. This paper explores how tourism as a mode of engagement figured in both the imagining and operating of Occupation authorities’ rule of the islands, and how military personnel on the ground negotiated and understood their time there.

著者

OGATA Takayuki LI Wei YAMADA Shoji

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Nichibunken Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.213-221, 2010-01-01

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Th is study analyzes the location of 164 renowned Japanese gardens in the Kyoto basin, that is the Kamogawa alluvial fan and the Katsuragawa fl ood plain. Th e gardens were mapped using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. Th e mapped data indicate that physiographic environments constrain the location of the gardens. Rock gardens (karesansui type gardens) are located accross the whole area of the alluvial fan, while water gardens (chisen type gardens) are concentrated along the piedmont spring zones and the artifi cial canals of the irrigation system known as the Biwako sosui (constructed in 1890). In brief, hydrological conditions aff ect the location of Japanese gardens, which is primarily constrained by surface geomorphic units.

著者

LARSSON Ernils

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.227-252, 2017-07-24

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Since early January 2016 Jinja Honchō has participated in a campaign led by Nippon Kaigi to establish popular support for constitutional reform. In this essay, I seek to understand Jinja Honchō’s involvement in this campaign through a reading of the postwar Supreme Court cases related to the separation of religion from the state. I argue that amendment of Articles 20 and 89 was never considered a priority for most of this period, since the prevalent paradigm in the Supreme Court was that Shinto was something other than a religion; but following the break with this paradigm in the Ehime Tamagushiryō case in 1997, and the subsequent confirmation of the validity of this precedent through the ruling on the Sunagawa I case in 2010, those seeking a closer relationship between the Shinto establishment and the state have had to find new routes. The rise of Nippon Kaigi as one of Japan’s largest conservative lobby groups coincides with this development in the Supreme Court, and the organization’s focus on constitutional reform can therefore partly be understood in this light. Should Nippon Kaigi eventually produce a draft for their vision of a new constitution, it is likely that the idea of Shinto as something other than a religion will be reflected in this draft.

著者

THOMAS Jolyon Baraka

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.233-235, 2019

著者

MORGAN Jason

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.221-224, 2019