著者

益田 朋幸

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美學 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.12-22, 1993-03-31

---

How did the Byzantine illuminators interpret and visualize the beginning phrases of John's Gospel? The aim of this article is, through investigations of Byzantine Gospels and lectionaries from the eleventh century, to establish the correspondence between text and image. The iconographic types can be grouped as follows : a. John the Evangelist (Morgan 639 ; Venice, Hellenic Institute Cod. gr. 2) ; b. Christ Emmanuel (Athens 68) ; c. Christ Pantocrator (Athens 68 and 190) ; d. the Ancient of Days (Istanbul, Patriarchate 8) ; e. Moses and the Crucifixion (Paris. suppl. gr. 27). The Cod. 68 at Athens adopts two aspects of Christ, Emmanuel and Pantocrator. The Cod. Paris. gr. 64 can be placed as the combination of the types c-d, and the Cod. 587 of the Dionysiou Monastery on Mt. Athos as that of the types b-d. If the hypothesis that the two manuscripts, Paris. gr. 64 and Dionysiou 587, are the products of the same atelier is accepted, we can assume that in an atelier of the eleventh-century Constantinople, three types of Christ (Pantocrator, Emmanuel and the Ancient of Days) were used as the illustration of John's first verses. Perhaps John's headpiece in Paris. gr. 74 is copied from a lost lectionary with the frontispiece representing three types of Christ.