著者

鈴木 猛 水谷 澄

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.273-286, 1992

被引用文献数

1 2

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The Guatemala-Japan Cooperative Project on Onchocerciasis Research and Control sponsored by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) was run for 8 years (1975-1983), targeted mainly at the establishment of effective vector control measures of Guatemalan onchocerciasis by applying an insecticide to the streams inhabited by the principal vector, Simulium ochraceum. Following basic studies on taxonomy, biology and transmission of the suspected vector blackflies, extensive and intensive studies were carried out on insecticides, i.e., trough tests to determine the comparative effectiveness of various chemicals, laboratory tests to determine the extent of adsorption of insecticides to soil, and field tests to determine insecticidal carry in various types of streams and the behaviour of insecticides after application in streams. It gradually became clear that the special feature of this vector control lies in infestation of S. ochraceum larvae in streamlets, which accelerates adsorption of insecticides to streambeds, hence accounting for extremely short carry. Together with the information on distribution of the target streams based on geology, geomorphology and geography, the control strategy was established : applying 24g of 5% temephos wdp fortnightly to all the streams with the discharge range of 0.1-50 liter/sec, irrespective of the discharge rate. After the Phase 3 operation commenced in July 1982,the density of S. ochraceum on human bait was suppressed to an extremely low level far below 1.9 flies/man/hr, the critical level theoretically established. The epidemiological evaluation has been made, but final conclusions are not yet drawn.