著者

池田 敬正

出版者

一般社団法人日本社会福祉学会

雑誌

社会福祉学 (ISSN:09110232)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.117-143, 1983-06-30

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Social welfare means that every people are equal in the society, which shows that it is realized in the modern society We can prove this because the premodern society, which didn't have social welfare, is characterized by the control of the community and the distinction of the social position. But if we insist on the universal idea of social welfare, we can't help realizing the existence of social welfare in premodern society. It is the first purpose of this writing to clear up this contradiction theoretically and historically through the analysis of political relief and religeous charity in premodern period The second purpose is to clear up the quality of the political relief and religeous charity in Japan The most remarkable fact is that in Europe charity and relief are based on the principle of mutural aid, while in Japan they are not. For example, the word "cantas" in Latin which is the origin of the word "chanty" means "love of one's neighbors" And that shows the religeous practice of mutural aid. While in Japan charity of Buddhism means chanty given by from a person of high position to the common people. Thus in Japan the political relief and religious chanty had nothing to do with and opposed to the mutural aid. This is based on the Asiatic character of the Japanese society, and became the cause of disturbing of the mutural aid to have developped into the public system. Therefore in Japan the system of relieving the distressed in modern period has come to the charity grvin by a ruler, not the mutural aid.