著者

窪田 眞二

出版者

日本教育行政学会

雑誌

日本教育行政学会年報 (ISSN:09198393)

巻号頁・発行日

no.24, pp.29-41, 1998-10-17

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The aim of this study is to clarify the availability of comparative studies for reforms of educational administration in Japan by reviewing comparative studies on school choices. Two viewpoints will be set for examining these studies. One is how they have discerned the conditions which made school choice systems function and the causes which made the systems malfunction. The other is how they extracted the factors which administrators will be able to manage or coordinate from foreign systems. After reviewing studies on school choice in the U.S.A. and in the U.K. authored by Japanese scholars, the following considerations were shown from the view points mentioned above. As to the first viewpoint, some studies about the British school choice system in Japan showed that the system has made social class division more serious because of the differences of ability to exercise parental right on school choice between social classes. The indications of difficult situations were shown by many studies. But insights for analysing background conditions were not sufficient. Many substantial works about the American school choice system in Japan have been done in recent years. Especially, some studies have pointed out the conditions and the causes considering function and malfunction of the systems. A school choice system in the public compulsory sector has recently been introduced in Japan. This reflects insufficiency in accumulation of study from the second viewpoint. As to the second veiwpoint, seven problems which Japanese educational administration will be confronted with were listed as follows : (1)Length of the term of office by a teacher in one school. (2)Application system for teachers allocation. (Reviewing the present nomination system) (3)Flexible arrangement of curriculum by each school. (4)Reexamination of grant system to private school sector. (For extending opportunities to choose private schools) (5)Restructuring super-selective schools. (6)Reviewing compulsory education system. (With reviewing possibility of education other than schooling) (7)Establishing the standard of school evaluation to encourage school innovations. To make the school choice system effective, many other reformations much be considered such as the arrangement of public relations by schools and considerations by local authorities to keep a community consciousness for families who have chosen schools other than those in their catchment areas.