著者

土持 法一

出版者

日本教育政策学会

雑誌

日本教育政策学会年報

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.167-182, 1998-06-15

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Reviewing the history of postwar education, it was an unfruitful confrontation between the Ministry of Education and the Nikkyoso (Japan Teachers' Union). It has also been 50 years since the Nikkyoso was organized. Why was the Ministry of Education confronted with the Nikkyoso? The author analyzes facts through changing policy of the GHQ/CI&E. As it has been said, the early part of the education reforms under the American Occupation was led by liberals as New Dealers who changed the system drastically. However, "Occupation" is a part of continuation of the war. It was influenced by the profits of the conquering nation, American Occupation forces. The mechanism of the Occupation in Japan was "indirect control" through the Japanese government. Thus the Nikkyoso was important. However, in changing the Far Eastern policy as the cold war evolved, the Occupation forces were involved with the conservative the Ministry of Education, under the name of a "democratization". The Occupation forces revived the power of the Ministry and ruined their own democratic policy of Japan. In this paper the author analyzes the relationships among the Nikkyoso the Occupation forces, and the Ministry of Education through interviews with Motofuji Makieda, the Ex-president of the Nikkyoso. He also reviews its historical development through interviews of Mark T. Orr, the former chief of the Education Division, GHQ/CI&E and through the documents of the Occupation.