著者

土屋 敦

出版者

慶應義塾経済学会

雑誌

三田学会雑誌 (ISSN:00266760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, no.1, pp.91-118, 2009-04

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本稿では, 1960年代半ばから1970年代初頭にかけて, 地方自治体主導で全国的に行なわれた「先天異常児」の出生予防政策である「不幸な子どもの生まれない運動」の興隆過程を分析し, それが日本社会の人口構造が「(多産)多死型」から「(少産)少死型」へと移行する際に, そこで生じたマクロな疾病構造の転換に対応する形で, また特に乳児死亡率の低下に伴う母子衛生行政の再編過程で, 優生政策を伴う生殖・出産をめぐる「新たな」管理様式であることを指摘した。またその際に, 同運動の興隆過程を, 「胎児」をめぐる新しい医療化の一局面特に「先天異常児」の出生予防のために, 女性の妊娠時の年齢や「胎児」の保護とその健康管理が産科医療の実践の中でより大きなウェイトを付与されていく過程として概念化した。This study analyzes the rising process of the "Movement for Preventing Unfortunate Children. From "being born," a birth prevention policy of "Children with Congenital Diseases" which transpired countrywide from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s led by local governments. I indicate that as the Japanese society shifts from a population structure of "(high birth rates) high mortality rates" to "(low birth rates) low mortality rates," the resulting form of response to the transitions in the macro disease structure, especially when considering the process of reorganization of the maternal and child health policy that accompanies decreases in infant mortality rates, serves as a "new" management method regarding reproduction and birth that represents eugenics. Also at this time, this study conceptualizes the rise of this movement as a process, in which stronger weights within the practice of obstetric care were attributed to women's age at the time of pregnancy and protection of the "fetus" and its health management, with the purpose of preventing birth of "Children with Congenital Diseases" in particular, as one aspect of the new medicalization of the "fetus."小特集 「いのち」の歴史学に向けて : われわれはいまどんな時代に生きているのか