1930年代に日本の哲学はその思索の中心対象を歴史・社会に据えるものへと変貌を遂げる。だが, その変貌の間, 不在とされる哲学に代わり第一次世界大戦後の現代世界を論じていたのが「文明批評」と呼ばれる言論であった。本稿では, この事実を確認することで戦間・戦時期の思想史の一面を明らかにするとともに, 世界の一体化の不可避性への認識が東洋と西洋の二項対立を招く, という両者に共通する機制を解明する。In the 1930s, philosophy in Japan managed to transform into a discipline that took history and society as central targets of inquiry. However, during this transformation, instead of focusing on an absent philosophy, a speech called "Criticism of Civilization" highlighted debates in the contemporary world following the First World War. This study, while clarifying an aspect of history of thought during and between the war period by confirming related facts, elucidates the mechanisms common to both East and West as an awareness toward the inevitability of world unification, inviting a dichotomy between both parties.小特集 : 澤瀉久敬『医学概論』とその歴史的コンテクスト