著者

大貫 隆

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = The St. Andrew's University journal of Christian studies (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.49, pp.5-27, 2014-03-13

---

Both Matt 19:28 and Luke 22:28-30 are based on the Q source, but the context is significantly different between the two passages. As the three passion predictions placed in proximity to 19:28 suggest, Matthew overall has in mind the parousia of the "Son of Man," Jesus. On the other hand, Luke 22:28-30 belongs to the scene of the Last Supper. Verse 30b corresponds almost exactly to Matt 19:28, in which Jesus tells his disciples: "You will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel." The difference between the two verses is that Luke 22:30b does not specify the number of the thrones as twelve because, earlier in 22:3, Luke announces that Satan has entered into Judas Iscariot. The original form of the Q saying is preserved in Matthew's text, which keeps the phrase "twelve thrones" intact. The early Church could not have produced a saying that assumes the inclusion of "Judas the betrayer" in the judgment activity. The Q text thus derives from the actual words Jesus uttered in his lifetime. The question is, what kind of judgment did Jesus originally say the Twelve would engage in as his closest associates? In my view, the answer is found in Mark 8:38 and Luke 12:8-9, which point to the same reality as Matt 19:28. Luke 12:8-9 refers to the judgment that divides people into two groups: those acknowledged and those denied by the Son of Man before the angels of God, depending on whether or not they accepted Jesus' words during his lifetime. Likewise, when Jesus suggests that in the kingdom of God the Twelve will be enthroned with him to judge the twelve tribes of Israel, he implies that they will pass judgment on individuals from God's chosen people, Israel, according to their responses to the ministry of Jesus and the Twelve. As G. Theissen argued two decades ago using the term "group messianism," the kingdom of God, as Jesus proclaimed it, did not represent a focus of the messianic expectation on a particular individual. Jesus' relationship with the kingdom of God was neither individualistic nor exclusive. While he embodied the kingdom of God with an overwhelming sense of sovereignty, sovereignty nevertheless was shared by the Twelve who worked with him for the proclamation of the kingdom. They will therefore be duly enthroned with Jesus as individuals from Israel are judged in responding either positively or negatively to the message proclaimed by Jesus as well as the Twelve.