著者

高橋 ひとみ/衞藤 隆 衞藤 隆

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.2, pp.193-210, 2015-03-23

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It is proposed that near-vision acuity tests be conducted in kindergartens and nurseries throughout the country and that infant medical checkups should also be carried out. This will allow early detection of and timely treatment for children with amblyopia. The younger the age at which these tests are carried out, the more effective they will be. If amblyopia is detected and treated by the age of 3, most children will be able to complete their treatment before reaching school age. This will enable them to begin their school life without being burdened by poor eyesight, and contribute to a society in which all children have equal access to compulsory education. To bring about that end, the introduction of "reliable" visual acuity tests over a short time is necessary. I considered the best form of visual acuity test from the standpoint of both the infant to be tested and that of the teacher carrying out the test. In order to ensure "reliability", it is necessary to use the Landolt Ring eye-mark, which meets definitions of eyesight. In addition, a picture-based eye-mark is recommended, as it is more likely to gain the understanding of the infant being tested. Avisual acuity test will be more effective if infants have already grown accustomed to the Landolt Ring during play. This picture book was devised with that aim in mind.

著者

高井 昌吏

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.31-71, 2017-10

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In the late 1960 s, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, the former movie actor and TVpersonality, felt challenged by the documentary film "A Dog's Life" (originaltitle: Mondo Cane) produced by Italian film director Gualtiero Jacopetti.While pursuing the 'authenticity' of documentary, Kawaguchi alsoperformed as an actor and was involved in the production of a televisionprogram. The program of Hiroshi Kawaguchi was different from JunichiUshiyama's television documentary "Wonderful World Travel", as theformer tried to represent the 'authenticity' of documentary whileemphasizing the impact of the image, whereas the latter pursued'education' and academics through his program. This is, in a sense, a resultof focusing on creating a program from the perspective of the 'masses'instead of from the perspective of 'modern citizens'. Their directions weredifferent, yet their educational background, parents' occupations andcultural capital were related to each other. In the mid-1980 s, however,"Kawaguchi Hiroshi Adventurer Series" directed by the former actor whoplaced great emphasis on 'authenticity' became viewed as a parody ofadventure and exploration by the audience amid a rumor that the programwas 'staged'. In other words, although Hiroshi Kawaguchi's documentaryprogram began as a pursuit of 'authenticity', it was ironically criticized interms of its 'authenticity' and ridiculed. This was due to changes in theattitudes of TV viewers, especially of the audience of documentary shows.In the meanwhile, Junichi Ushiyama also entered the academic world, suchas the "Visual anthropology", and as a result, his television documentarybecame accepted as an 'educational program'.

著者

山本 順一

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.23-64, 2013-10-31

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This paper's content is generally based on the speech held at the 2012 annual conference of the Japan Society of Library and Information Science(JSLIS). Its intent is to let the colleagues studying and teaching library and information science be aware that they have to understand the real and correct relations among a variety of library operations and copyright system. Two recent incidents happened closely around the author urged to write this paper. The one is related the dealing of some photos taken around 1900 in the United States, when a young scholar's writing a textbook. The other is concerned with video theater carried out at public libraries in this country. The author would like to point out misunderstandings widely spread among lots of Japanese librarians and library teachers. At the very end of this paper, a nasty anonymous letter sent in February 2013 to the JSLIS and the author is showed.

著者

山本 順一

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.81-124, 2016-07

著者

阪口 祐介

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.47-68, 2016-02

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Since the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, the negative opinion to nuclear power plant has increased and the political debates over the pros and cons of nuclear energy has been activated. This paper attempts to reveal empirically the social determinants of attitudes towards nuclear energy. We focus on generation, gender, and social stratification as the determinants, and examine for the value mediated mechanism. Previous researches have indicated that women tend to have negative opinion to nuclear power and young people tend to have positive opinion to that. In this paper, we assume that these gender and generation differences are mediated by the values. For example, it is expected that women tend to be egalitarian, and egalitarian tends to have negative opinion to nuclear power. In order to examine the value mediated mechanism concerning generation, gender, and social stratification, we do analysis by using structural equation modeling. The data is "The Public Opinion Survey on Internationalization and Political Participation of Citizens" that was conducted in November 2013 by the nationwide sampling mail survey. The findings reveal that the political distrust and the egalitarianism had a strong influence on the antinuclear orientation. Concerning the value mediated mechanism, we found out that the gender difference was mediated by the political distrust and the egalitarianism. This results means that women tend to be political distrust and egalitarianism, for that reason they tend to have the antinuclear orientation. We also found out that the generation difference was mediated by the political apathy. Concerning social stratification, high income people tend to be antiegalitarianism and for that reason they tend to support for the nuclear power.

著者

高橋 ひとみ/衞藤 隆 衞藤 隆

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.1-18, 2015-07-27

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The visual acuity test in a kindergarten and the nursery school is neglected. We can relieve a child becoming amblyopia by early detection, early treatment if we carry out the near visual acuity test in kindergartens, nursery schools of the whole country and an infant medical checkup. The curative effect is big approximately low age. We think that children can finish the amblyopia training if we can detect amblyopia at 3 years old before compulsory education begins. And we think that children can start school life without a burden by the poor eyesight. We hope at the society where all children can enjoy compulsory education fairly. We must perform the visual acuity test of the infant. To that end, the enforcement of the visual acuity test that "is reliable" for "a short time" is necessary. We devised a picture book and the visual acuity test kit. An infant can easily answer it that he is usually used to Landolt ring in a picture book. We do not perform it as an exercise of the visual acuity tests and hope Landolt ring to fit it while being fun, and playing.

著者

松村 昌廣

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.123-138, 2016-02-26

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This study will explore the relevance of the so-called Prime Directive as found in Star Trek, a very popular U.S. T.V. science fiction drama, for comparative political and area studies, with a major focus on the application of it to advanced Western modern states' intervention in the developing world after multi-ethnic empires. The paper will elucidate the directive, followed by an interim definition of "advancedness" and "backwardedness". The analytical focus will be placed on why such intervention will cause unexpected and undesired resultants that will further lead to intractable complication and entanglement later. Then the work will argue for the wisdom of "divide and rule" and warn of being driven by moralized commitment to intruding as modernizer and to missionary zeal to interfere as democratizer.

著者

濵村 純平

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.63-85, 2017-07-20

著者

細井 浩志

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.45-62, 2008-12-18

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Ancient Japanese accepted the notion of heaven from China. Some researchers say there were systematic heavenly myths before this notion. But lords of the YAMATO regime, that ruled Wakoku at that time, had no systematic mythology except concerning the sun, the moon, and certain individual stars. One important reason is that the ancient Japanese until the Yayoi era had no need for an almanac, because there was no government as such to impose the use of a common calendar over the large Japanese archipelago. Another reason is that ancient Japanese didn't sail on the open seas, thus they did not require star navigation. From the third century, a Japanese government designed to rule over a large area was being set up, and it was then that they accepted the Chinese almanac. Accordingly, they didn't develop an original astronomy or related heavenly myths. Nevertheless, those who often sailed on the open seas, for example those who lived in northern kyushu, or naturalized Japanese were interested in the stars.

著者

増田 忠信

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1, pp.97-125, 2014-11-28

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the starting point of Japanese people's morality.Moral standards, which are historically constructed, provide us with a measure of which behavioural patterns are acceptable and which are not.The transition from tsuwamono (soldiers) to bushi (warriors) created a peculiar value standard for Japanese people, leading to the so-called Bushido.Reflecting on the pre-Bushido period in Japan can help to understand themselves better. The framework of this paper is as follows : First, I consider what was regarded as evil in the Heian era by examining Vol. 29 of the Konjaku Monogatari.Second, I investigate the word tsuwamono in the Konjaku Monogatari and Shomonki.The way that this word is employed in those two texts suggests that people in the Heian era regarded Tsuwamono ambivalently, as newcomers. Third, comparing the Konjaku Monogatari Vol.25 with the Shomonki, I examine Taira no Masakado's Rebellion (939-940), which is a typical example of the transition from tsuwamono to bushi.I conclude that tsuwamono, originally related to the common people through land or locality, became a newly-influential power by their ability to pacify rebellions. Their transformation into bushi was the result. In the world of Heian aristocrats, the common people were not held to have the same moral sense that noble-born members of the Imperial Court enjoyed. Accordingly, they would be willing to join a rebellion if the time and circumstances were right. Since the gap between tsuwamono and bushi and the common people in their attitudes to work, rebellion, religion and other matters was so small, it became possible for them to hold a similar moral sense. As a result, from the second half of the Heian era onward Japanese people began to make their moral decisions based on a similar set of attitudes to those found in the tsuwamono no michi and, later, the Way of the Samurai.

著者

福井 幸男

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.40, pp.1-41, 2011-03-30

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Sen no Rikyu (1522-1591) was one of the well-known founders of the traditional tea ceremony (Sado) in medieval Japan. Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537-1598) ordered Sen no Rikyu to commit ritual suicide (seppuku) in February, Tensho 19 (1591), because he was the general who won the final victory in the military conflicts among the Samurai and unified medieval Japan. Various opinions have been offered concerning the reasons for Sen no Rikyu's death. However, no firm hypothesis has yet been reached. The author has critically reviewed a large number of historical materials and theories regarding this episode to try to elucidate the truth. The official announcement of the Toyotomi Hideyoshi regime gave as the principal reasons for Sen no Rikyu's punishment, was his lese majesty toward both General Toyotomi himself and the emperor, together with his unreasonable valuation and trade in tea-ceremony items. Sen's lese majesty charge also included his construction of an overly splendid gate to the Daitokuji Temple in Kyoto, and his order to place a wooden sculpture of himself on the gate. However, the author has managed to locate many descriptions from sources about the miscellaneous circumstances of his death that differ quite considerably from information found in other cases of ritual suicides. Using these idiosyncratic materials, the author seeks to further elucidate the truth about the causes of Sen no Rikyu's seppuku.

著者

シュミット・クラウディア・カロリネ

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

国際文化論集 (ISSN:09170219)

巻号頁・発行日

no.47, pp.259-295, 2013-03-28

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Samurai is an important genre in Japanese entertainment media, such as books, television, and even manga. It has been a genre especially for male target groups for a long time, but during the last decade, there has been a tendency for samurai manga to focus on female target groups. In my research, I focus on the difference between the image of samurai in manga for male and female target groups, and afterwards I describe the possible social reasons for those differences. For the analysis I chose Okita Soji from Watanabe Taeko's Manga "Kaze hikaru" as an example for a samurai described for a female target group, and for a male target group, I chose Miyamoto Musashi from Inoue Takehiko's "Vagabond" as a representative samurai. I mainly follow Yomota Inuhiko's method as presented in his work "Manga genron", adding a focus on the keywords social life, love and life as swordfighter, especially analysing problems and solutions concerning these themes. Through the analysis I found some interesting answers. While the image of Okita in "Kaze hikaru" obviously is adapted to classical genres for female readers (the keywords love and social life are the main points and the story itself is similar to high-school campus stories), Miyamoto's description focuses on his work of building a strong self, especially by countless action scenes. The two represent a different ideal of masculinity, on the one side showing an Okita who is influenced by the typical effeminate male aesthetics of Japanese male pop idols-an image mainly created by aiming towards female fans. And on the other side there is a Miyamoto representing aclassical warrior image, which can be interpreted as a counter flow to the new male aesthetics. Yet, Miyamoto's warrior journeys and his life far from civilization can also be seen as criticism of young men's reaction to the growing demands of their working lives, but also in their daily lives as some kind of escapism from their daily lives. In contrast to Miyamoto, Okita shows an exaggerated image of loyalty, especially to his troops' leaders and his protegee, a girl dressed up as boy who joines his samurai troop. Especially his relationship to his protegee shows the uncertainty of young women concerning gender constructs and shows the desire of women to take part in social life or even to create history. In summary, it is obvious that the image of the samurai is fit to the gender of the target groups and it seems as if it gives the reader an entertaining possibility to compensate for the limits of everyday live.

著者

小宮 京

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山法学 (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.18, pp.1-39, 2011-10-25

著者

村中 淑子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of humanities research, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1, pp.3-27, 2014-11

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I carried out an investigation into the use of negation expressions by speakers of the Osaka and Nara dialects. In this paper I report the results of the investigation. It has generally been thought that the negative suffix HEN(e. g., IKAHEN: I do not go) is more frequently used than another negative suffix, N (e. g., IKAN: I do not go) in standard negation sentences in modern Osaka dialect. However, I was able to confirm that the use of N has increased among young people in the past few years. IKAN has increased together with its past form IKANKATTA (I did not go), and IKEN (I cannot go) with its past form IKENKATTA (I was unable to go). This suggests that both the present and past forms change in conjunction with each other. In addition, it was found that the negative suffix YAN, which had previously not been used very much in Osaka, has come to be used more frequently in recent years. Negative suffixes can not only be located at the end of a sentence to create a negation, but can also be buried in the middle of a sentence and used to make expressions of supposition, will, or duty. By investigating them together, I was able to clarify the actual situation of negation expressions and the reasons for the change in the use of negative suffixes. It is suggested that supposition expressions (-YANDEMO) and will expressions (-YANTOKO) were related to the appearance of YAN in a negation sentence, but duty expressions (-YANA AKAN) were not. Moreover, statistical analysis of the use of YAN in each dialect area showed that the change was most pronounced in the Senboku and Minami Kawachi dialect areas.

著者

福井 幸男

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1, pp.229-256, 2014-11-28

著者

小宮 京

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山法学 (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.1-41, 2013-10-31

著者

大久保 正人

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山法学 (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.23, pp.95-130, 2014-03-10

著者

福井 幸男

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.42, pp.37-91, 2012-03-27

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Sen no Rikyu (1522-1591) was one of the well-known founders of the traditional tea ceremony (sado) in medieval Japan. Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537-1598) ordered Sen no Rikyu to commit ritual suicide (seppuku) in February, Tensho 19 (1591), because he was the general who won the final victory in the military conflicts among the samurai and unified medieval Japan. Various opinions have been offered concerning the reasons for Sen no Rikyu's death. However, no firm conclusion has yet been reached. The author has critically reviewed a large number of historical materials and theories regarding this episode to try to elucidate the truth. The official announcement of the Toyotomi Hideyoshi regime gave as the principal reasons for Sen no Rikyu's punishment , his lese majesty toward both General Toyotomi himself and the emperor, together with his unreasonable valuation and trade in tea-ceremony items. The lese majesty charge also included his construction of an overly splendid gate to the Daitokuji Temple in Kyoto, and his order to place a wooden figure of himself on the gate. However, the author has managed to locate many descriptions from sources about the circumstances of his death that differ quite considerably from information found in other cases of ritual suicides. Especially, the author notes the following ; (1) the strict guard of Rikyu's home by 3,000 soldiers before his death to prevent his being rescued by influential feudal lords (daimyo), and (2) the crucifixion of Rikyu's figure and exposure of his head at Ichijyo-Modoribashi Bridge, Kyoto. From these idiosyncratic materials, the author seeks to further elucidate the truth about the causes of Sen no Rikyu's seppuku. The author infers the cause of Rikyu's death as follows. General Toyotomi Hideyoshi had planned to invade the Korean Peninsula after the unification of all Japan. Ishida Mitsunari, who was one of the most influential vassals of Hideyoshi, falsely told him that Rikyu had opposed the invasion, in collaboration with major influential feudal lords in East Japan, especially Tokugawa Ieyasu and Date Masamune, in a room for the tea ceremony. Hideyoshi was frightened by Mitsunari's slander, and got angry with Rikyu. Therefore, Hideyoshi ordered the seppuku, and these idiosyncratic matters concerning his death were a tacit warning to each feudal lord to collaborate in the invasion.

著者

安藤 洋美

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.1-90, 2000-07-31

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The European mathematics exists as a science and the fundamental tools of thchnology. On the other hand, the Japanese mathematics (Wasan) did not as a science but as an art. However, the Japanese were by no means wanting in scientific spirit. The warriors (Samurai) of the Tokugawa Shogunate were strongly endowed with a zealous yearning for knowledge of the navigation at the Nagasaki Navy College, which was founded in 1855. They were taught and trained by Dutch officers with severity. Some of them were especially diligent, namely Yatabori, Ono, Enomoto, Akamatsu, Nakamuda, Tsukamoto, Sawa, Ban, and Hida. After a few years, they had become the leading members of the Tokugawa Navy. They understood that mathematical thinking was at the foundation of European civilization. Indeed, their mathematical abilities advanced with rapid strides. But, Katsu was a dull student and could not become interested in mathematics. A certain number of Dutch mathematical and astronomical works were in the possession at the Astronomical Board of the Shogunate (Bakufu Tenmonkata). To read these works, the Institute of Occidental Culture (Bansho Chosho) was founded in 1855 by the Shogunate. In this Institute, K. Kanda was the first professor of the department of mathematics. In 1866, Dr. S. Yanagawa was elected to a professorship of this Institute. Kanda wrote "Introduction to Arithmetic" and Yanagawa wrote "How to Use for Arithmetic" in 1857. A friendship between Kanda and Yanagawa continued until Yanagawa's death in 1870. Yamamoto, Sahara, Suzuki, Nagahiro Enomoto, and T. Kikuchi are all graduates of this Institute. Arithmetic was also taught at the Yokohama French College, which was founded in 1864. Zinbo is a graduate of this college. The mathematicians of the old Japanese school (Wasanka) took pains to solve the many difficult problems, but could not discovered the general method of a solution. Ono and Yanagi was the well-known Japanese mathematicians, but they made an effort to learn the European mathematics. In 1868, the political change of the Restoration took place. The leaders of the New Meiji Government were not familiar with Occidental culture. Most of them were terrorists with the exception of Omura. For the most part, the Meiji Government had been conducted by the warriors intelligentsia of the Shogunate. The teaters at the Navy College, Military Academy and University College (Daigaku Nanko) were mostly old warriors of the Shogunate. In 1877, the Tokyo Mathematical Society was founded. The first president was Kanda. One half of the organization's members were mostly old Shogunate warriors and well-known old Japanese mathematicians. The rest were the second-class mathematicians.

著者

松村 昌廣

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = St. Andrew's University economic and business review (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.131-152, 2016-03-03

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This study will analyze a libertarian approach to post-Lehman emergency lending in accordance with Federal Reserve rescue authority,with a major focus on the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. The analysis will attach its attention to the evolving political context in which the U.S. domestic political discourse has been influenced increasingly by libertarianism, involving the rise of populist movements such as the "TEA (Tax Enough Already)" Party. This paper will first begin with a standard account on libertarianism as a major current of American political philosophy, which is rather unfamiliar to Japanese students in the field. Second, the analytical focus will be placed on an overview on the unique features of the Federal Reserve Board system as central bank, followed by a libertarian understanding on where the system stands in the context of the U.S. political economy. Third, this work will highlight the Dodd-Frank Act that is intended to prevent the Federal Reserve Banks from repeating massive discretional emergency lending to major insolvent banks as found in the post-Lehman financial crisis management. Fourth, the paper will identify the Act's major existing pitfalls that could enable to repeat such discretionary lending, followed by a set of policy proposals aimed to remove those pitfalls. The study will be designed to facilitate understanding the ongoing debate on the post-Lehman financial reforms, emphasizing the central importance of libertarian perspectives that reveal the exploitative nature of the finance-centered U.S. socio-political regime as the basis of the U.S. global economic hegemony.