著者

出口 雅史

出版者

中央大学社会科学研究所

雑誌

中央大学社会科学研究所年報 (ISSN:13432125)

巻号頁・発行日

no.23, pp.287-305, 2019-09-30

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The growing importance of cyber security has been accompanied by an increase in the threat of cyber attacks. The most remarkable reason for this is the superiority of cyber attacks. The cost of cyber attacks seems to be relatively lower than defense because they do not require expensive hardware; further, the possibility of facing retaliation is low. However, in recent years, the United States has examined new countermeasures, such as sanctions to deter cyber attacks. This paper will investigate how and why the Obama administration introduced sanctions against cyber attacks. The article focuses, especially, on the sanctions against China, North Korea, and Russia. There are two major reasons underlying the changes in the cyber strategy of the Obama administration and specific factors for each. The purpose of the paper is to explain how the two reasons are related to the sanctions against cyber attacks introduced by the Obama administration.