著者

工藤 航平

出版者

国文学研究資料館

雑誌

国文学研究資料館紀要. アーカイブズ研究篇 (ISSN:18802249)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.35-63, 2014-03

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本稿は、日本近世の地域社会を主導した村役人らに求められた資質とその再生産の仕組みを、文字文化との関係から解明したものである。村役人に求められた資質を解明するための分析素材として、近世を通じて全国各地で作成された跡役願書の文言の変化を取り上げた。また、近世後期以降の地域教育と資質の再生産との関係についても検討を行った。通時的に全国で広く作成され定式化した跡役願書は、19世紀になると領主(主に代官所)へ提出される書面に人物評価としての算筆文言が新たに書き加えられるようになった。この要因について本稿では、①年貢「村請」から御用「村請」へと村の役割が変質したこと、②広域化・多様化・複雑化する地域社会において総合的な能力が期待されたこと、③地域教育を背景にした村民の知的力量の向上によって村役人への期待も相対的に高まったこと、④家格保持を目指す村役人自らが強く自覚したことを指摘した。そして、村役人の高い資質を共通認識とした領主・村役人・村民の合意形成が、跡役願書において算筆文言として顕れたと評価した。また、近世を通じた実務経験や家庭内[私的・個別的]での資質の再生産は、19世紀になると地域教育の場[私的・集団的]で担われ、地域の安定化が危急の課題となった幕末期維新には郷学設立など地域全体で[公的・組織的]に対応するに及んだと評価した。近世を通じた社会の成熟と文字文化の隆盛を背景に、19世紀初頭を画期として村役人の資質への期待と要求はより高度化・総合化し、その再生産の手段も段階的に整備されていくことが解明された。The aim of this research is in the elucidation of the correlation between Village Director (Murayakunin)'s talents and literacy culture. It is aimed at change of wording of the application of successor "Atoyakugannsyo" drawn up in the whole country as a research material. If the "Atoyakugannsyo" which was drawn up widely and formulized diachronically in the whole country will be the 19th century, "sannpitsumonngonn'' ( the term on Reading and writing and calculation) will newly come to be written to a document as comments about a person value.The factor is as follows as a result of analysis.1. 'The role of the village in administration deteriorated.2. Synthetic capability was expected in the community which broadens, diversifies and complicates.3. By improvement in the intellectual ability of the village people who made education the background, the expectation for a village leader also grew relatively.4. The village leader who aimed at maintenance of the social status of a family in the village was strongly aware of necessity.As a result, Agreement of the person of three positions Feudal lord, Village leader, Village people which have the necessity for high nature in a common view was expressed by the document as "sannpitsumonngonn".And the relation between education and reproduction of his talent is solved. Although cultivation of talent was privately performed individually in the home at the beginning, when the l9th century came, it came to be carried out also at an educational place. When stabilization of the community became a critical subject about the middle of the l9th century, it came to correspond publicly and systematically by overall communities, such as establishment of a school.Make into a background the social maturity and the prosperity of literacy culture in Early Modern Japan, the beginning of the l9th century was carried out the drawing term, and a village leader's expectation and the demand to talent were developed and synthesized. In connection with it, it explained that the means of the reproduction was also improved gradually.