著者

國松 萌美

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.49-60, 2001 (Released:2019-03-21)

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Here we try to elucidate New Humanism in Mircea Eliade. This concept is considered as the creative hermeneutics, which points a new plane of a humanbeing’s knowledge. Although Eliade doesn’t determine this humanism clearly, he suggests that the phenomenology of religions should be a primary discipline for making it realized. Therefore, we at first take his methodology as the hermeneutics of the sacred ; this may help us understand how such a humanism could be. In this attempt, his concept totality will be our key. In his methodology, we can find a correspondence of the relation between homo religiosus and the sacred things, with the relation between the hermeneute (as the phenomenologist of religions) and religious phenomena. The sacred reveals itself through natural objects in the profane. He explains this revelation as the dialectic of the sacred. It means that a profane object is sacralized through becoming a religious symbol or hierophany. Homo religiosus finds the sacred as a whole, total, larger system (the cosmos), uncovering a camouflage of the profane as a small and meaningless part of the natural world. Only the sacred can bring something meaningful. Correspondently, a hermeneute interprets religious meanings from religious data. A hermeneute as well as homo religiosus represents or reproduces the sacred meaning in its totality, beyond the limitation that everything seems to be just a part of the profane. And such a religious interpretation could make a hermenute participate in a total and meaningful world, as the experiences of the sacred could make homo religiosus participate in the sacred cosmos. And we see that, from the point of view mentioned above, Eliade’s phenomenology of religions would realize his New Humanism partially. Although New Humanism in its totality couldn’t be reached, we can suppose it and can realize it partially in the creative and hermeneutic phenomenology of religions.

著者

國松 萌美

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.69-80, 1999 (Released:2019-03-20)

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Here we analyse the 《hierophany》 and symbols. They are Mircea Eliade’s main concepts. And then, we will try to elucidate, in his theory, his unique soteriology. He doesn’t define a religion a priori, but treats a religious phenomenon as it is. The nature of religion is intuited as the sacred, and every religious phenomenon is generalized as a hierophany. The sacred is a concept irreducible to the profane. This dichotomy of the sacred and the profane is regarded as a framework of his theory, and this framework has a presupposition that the human being is homo religiosus in its nature. The sacred reveals itself through natural objects in the profane. He explains this revelation as the 《dialectic of the sacred》. It means that a profane object is sacralized through becoming a hierophany. And symbols can substitute for, or prolong this hierophanic function of the dialectic. They maintain their religious structure or function, even in the context seeming as non-religious, and it is called as 《the coherence of symbols》. And methodologically he changes from a structural analysis mentioned above to a hermeneuitic one. He takes homo religiosus as homo symbolicum, and explains how homo religiosus exists in the profane, while having an intention for the sacred. In his terminology, Eliade differentiates the 《existence》 from the 《being》. And the existence has two modalities; one is within the reach of the being, of the sacred, of homo religiosus, and the other seems out of such a reach, of non-religious man. Nevertheless, we think that these strict differentiations have a relativity, while there is an absolute gap in quality between the sacred and the profane, between a religious man and a non-religious man. What brings such a relativity is a concept of symbols. Therefore, by elucidating what this relativity is, how it would be possible that his dichotomy and his concept of symbols could coexist, and how symbols could make even a non-religious man possible to experience the sacred and to be saved, we also make clear how Eliade thinks about the salvation.