著者

堀川 芳雄 中西 哲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

植物生態学会報 (ISSN:02899949)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.4, pp.203-210, 1954-06-30 (Released:2017-08-10)

被引用文献数

1

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In the course of researches on the ecological significance of epiphytic Bryophytes the writers established the following classification of growth-from types from data obtained during detailed investigations in the following two forests in Hiroshima Pref.; 1. Beech forest (Fagus crenata-Acer Sieboldianum Community), 2. Fir-Hemlock Forest (Abies firma-Tsuga Sieboldii community), and from data obtained during brief observations in many different localities but especially in Mts. Tsubakuro, Misen, Nachi, Hyonosen, and Daisen in Honshiu District, the Kuroson National Forest in Shikoku District and Isl. Yakushima in Kiushiu District. The following classification is based on the architecture of the individual shoots, the appearance of the colony as a result of its gregarious development and further consideration was given to the relation of the sexual organs with the substratum. Each growth-form type was schematically figured, with the exception of Epiphyllous type. A growth-form type classification of epiphytic Bryophytes I. Erect and oblique type Shoots erect or oblique, sexual organs generally are formed at the top or midway shoots. a. Pulvinate type Shoots erect, forming a pulvinate colony gathered together. 1. Small cushion type ……cp Shoots not branching, growing radically upright from a central point, forming a compact, dome-shape cluster. e.g. Glyphomitrium spp. Ulota spp., Orthotrichum spp. 2. Large cushion type……Cp Length of branching shoot twice as long or longer than those, diameter of a cluster being twice as long as the "Small cushion type" e.g. leucobryum spp. 3. Turf type ……Tp Individual shoots growing upright, parallel to each other. e.g. Dicranum spp., Mnium spp. b. Fascicular and shrubby type……Fs Primary stem for creeping on substratum and the secondary stem with fascicular of shrubby forms distinguishable. e.g. Macromitrium spp., Dozya japonica, Anomodon spp. c. Dendroid type ……D Primary stem creeping on substratum, secondary stem presenting a dendroid-like form. e.g. Forsstroemia trichomitra, Thamnium spp., Dolichomitra cymbifolia. d. Feathre type Primary stem creeping on substratum, secondary stem presenting a feather form. 1. Simple feather type……Sf Leaves arranged on each side of a secondary stem which is not branched. e.g. Neckera tosaensis, Homalia spp., Plagiochila spp. 2. Branching feather type……Bf Secondary stem branching into a feather shape with branches extended on the same plane. e.g. Homaliodendron scalpellifolium, Neckera spp., Pterobryum arbuscula. II. Creeping type Primary and secondary stems creeping on the substratum, sexual organs cocuring at the position nearest to the substratum. a. Mat type……M Bryophytes forming a relatively thick and closely interwoven mat, loosely adpressed to subastratum. e.g. Thuidium spp., Entodon spp., Brachythecium spp., Hypnum spp. b. Carpet type……C Bryophytes forming a closely haired carpet, scarcelly compressed to substratum. e.g. Venturiella sinensis, Sematophyllum spp., Pylaisia spp. c. Pressed mat type All parts of the plant body adpressed to the substratum. 1. Hardly pressed mat type……Hp Plant body adpressed compactly to substratum, all parts of leaves and stems in contact with substratum. e.g. Frullania spp., Radula spp., Pycnolejeunea spp. 2. Loosely pressed mat type……Lp Plant body kept in indirectly and loosely in contact with substratum by dense rhizoides as Jungermannia spp. and Plectocolea spp. (see text fig. Lp, b). Some species of this type are kept in contact with the humus matter on the bark as Trichocoleopsis succulata (see text fig. Lp, a). 3. Epiphyllous type……E Plant body is compactly adpressed to the surface of leaves of evergreen broad-leaved trees. e.g. Leptocolea spp., Leptolejeunea subacuta. III Pendulous type……P Shoots hang down from the base of attachment on substratum, sexual organs found on shoots which are separated from substratum, e.g. Meteorium spp., Chrysocladium retrorsum, Barbella spp. Aerobryopsis subdiver