著者

大川 信行

出版者

スポーツ史学会

雑誌

スポーツ史研究 (ISSN:09151273)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.13-28, 2000-03-31

著者

大川 信行

出版者

スポーツ史学会

雑誌

スポーツ史研究 (ISSN:09151273)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.13-28, 2000-03-31 (Released:2017-03-18)

被引用文献数

2

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In the early process of evolution of basketball, it became customary for two men to be placed near the opponent's basket and called forwards; for two men to be placed in front of their own basket and called guards; and for a player called the center to be stationed in the middle of the court. The forwards were supposed to be better at shots and do most of the scoring. The guards were supposed to keep the opponents from scoring as much as possible. The center, usually tall, was supposed to obtained the tip-off for his team. Although these names have remained for the respective positions, the present-day style of play demands players to be versatile in their duties. For example, all players should be able to handle the ball and shoot, and are required almost equal ability in guarding. The purpose of this study is to clarify the transition of the duties of the positions. The following conclusions can be drawn. 1.In the history of basketball, nine, seven, and finaly five men have constituted the team. The number to nine on a side, the players were appointed as follows: home, right and left wings, center, and two side centers, goalkeeper, and two guards. The duties of players were clearly divided here. 2.Within five years, five-man team became the norm(five-man team was introduced from 1893), and this was the occasion that lets duties of players diversify. The first change appeared in forwards and center. The forwards caught a ball after the tip-off. The center attacked with fowards. 3.About 1900, there was introduced into basketball a style of play called the five-man-one-line-defense. This defense was a direct effort to meet a running-guard. Before this time, the real offense and defense was played with 3 on 3, but, by an appearance of these tactics, it was turned into 4 on 4. 4.The prototype of present-day play spread already in 1930's. It was because of a vogue of five-man-offense system and a zone-defense. After this time, all players are versatile in their duties.